Reboil - User contributions [en]

Signal (software)

2025-12-23T17:16:31Z

Tsijuzarci:

'''Signal''' is an open-source messaging client with video conferencing and limited screen-sharing capabilities. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==
* Website: https://signal.org

==Compatible software==
* [https://github.com/bepaald/signalbackup-tools.git signalbackup-tools] by [[bepaald]] may be used to export [[HTML]] versions of backups.

==History==

{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}
* [https://signal.org Main website]

{{Refsec}}



[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Communication software]]
[[Category:Messaging apps]]
[[Category:Android apps]]
[[Category:iOS apps]]

Baltakatei's Useful CLI Commands

2025-10-02T07:08:24Z

Tsijuzarci: pipx, bash, ffmpeg

These are mostly [[Debian]] GNU/Linux command line interface commands. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==

==Commands==
===Linux kernel stuff===
Flush cache.<ref>[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/542349/pavan pavan]. ([[2022-09-22]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/718217 Setting /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches to clear cache]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-09-11]]. </ref>
$ sudo sh -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"

===[[ansi2txt]]===
Part of the [[colorized-logs]] [[Debian]] package.

Remove color codes from text.<ref>https://stackoverflow.com/a/67316339/10850071</ref>
$ ansi2txt < ./input.txt > ./output.txt
$ cat input.txt | ansi2txt > output.txt # alternate method with pipes

<code>[[grep]]</code> example that searches file.txt, highlighting “2023” in color.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ grep --color=always -- "2023" file.txt # view with color
$ grep --color=always -- "2023" file.txt > results_color.txt # store with color-codes
$ ansi2txt < ./results_color.txt > ./results_nocolor.txt # strip color codes
</pre>

===apt===
Show details of any package, installed or not.
$ apt show [package-name]
$ apt show gpg # example

Check which packages depend on package <code>package-name</code>.<ref name="askubuntu_20181126_rdepends">[[Corrado Topi]]. ([[2018-11-26]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/1096318 How to list dependent packages (reverse dependencies)?]”. ''askubuntu.com''. Accessed [[2023-07-04]]. </ref>
$ apt rdepends package-name

Install upgrades without prompts<ref>https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/314281/411854</ref>
$ sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt upgrade -y

===base64===
Calculate [[MD5]] [[checksum]] of a binary file.<ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-01-12]]: Note, <code>md5</code> may be replaced with <code>sha256</code> to get a [[SHA-256]] digest.</ref>
$ openssl md5 -binary foo.txt | base64 # with [[openssl]] and [[base64]]
$ md5sum --binary foo.txt | cut -d' ' -f1 | xxd -r -p | base64 # with [[md5sum]], [[xxd]] and [[base64]]<ref name="se_20101101_base64-xxd">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/1946/alex alex] ([[2010-11-01]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/3678/ How can I get a base64 encoded shaX on the cli?]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-11]]. </ref>

===bash===
[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html Manual].

Check if <code>$stringA</code> comes alphabetically before <code>$stringB</code> using current locale.
$ if [[ "$stringA" < "$stringB" ]]; then echo true; else echo false; fi;

Search <code>find</code> results with <code>grep</code> using the exit code from a statement evaluated by the built-in <code>if</code>.
$ mkdir a;
$ touch ./a/foo.txt
$ touch ./a/bar.txt
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep 'foo')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found:
./a/foo.txt
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep 'baz')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found nothing.
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep '.txt$')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found:
./a/bar.txt
./a/foo.txt

Use modulo integer math to print the integers between 0 and 100 that are divisible by 5.
#!/bin/bash
for ((i=0; i<=100; i++)); do
if [ $((i % 5)) -eq 0 ]; then
echo $i
fi
done

Count the number of occurrences of a single ASCII character (e.g. <code>,</code>) (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/16679640 ref])
#!/bin/bash
var="text,text,text,text"
res="${var//[^,]}"
echo "$res"
echo "${#res}"

====Quotation rules====
How to insert a single apostrophe into an already single-apostrophe-quoted string.
$ echo "You can't do it easily" | sed -E -e 's/can'\''t/can/' # sed example
You can do it easily.

====Bash input/output====
Provide string to a command via stdin. The following are equivalent.
$ echo "666" | sed 's/6/7/g'; # Uses pipe format.
777
$ myVar="666"; sed 's/6/7/g <<< "$myVar"; # Uses “here string” format.<ref>See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Here-Strings .</ref>
777

Supply the first line of a text file as an argument.
$ fpass=/dev/shm/password.txt; # create file
$ touch "$fpass" && chmod 700 "$fpass"; # set to user-only permission
$ echo "hunter2" > "$fpass"; # save password to file
$ echo "$(head -n1 "$fpass")"; # read contents of file as argument

====Bash job management====
''See https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/bash/manual/bash.html#Job-Control ''

Push job into background.
^Z # (i.e. Ctrl-Z)
[1]+ Stopped git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a

Get a list of current background jobs
$ jobs
[1]+ Stopped git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a

Restart a job (e.g. one with <code>jobspec</code> 1) in the background and check that it is running.
$ bg 1
[1]+ git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a &
$ jobs
[1]+ Running git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a &

Detach a job (e.g. one with <code>jobspec</code> 1) from the current shell to permit safe exit without terminating the job.
$ disown %1

====Bash string manipulation====
''See [https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html Manipulating Strings].''

Replace substring in variable.<ref name="cooper_20140310_bash-strings">[[Mendel Cooper]]. ([[2014-03-10]]). “[https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: 10. Manipulating Strings]”. ''[[tldp.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-12]]. </ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ myVar="foobarbaz";
$ echo "${myVar/bar/qux}";
fooquxbaz
</pre>

Get first 7 characters of a string.
$ myVar="deadbeef";
$ echo "${myVar:0:7}" # i.e. starting with character '0', print '7' characters
deadbee

Print substring by specifying index and desired substring length.
$ myVar="deadbeef";
$ echo "${myVar:4:3}" # i.e. starting with character '4', print '3' characters
bee

Get last 4 characters of a string.
$ myVar="deadbeef";
$ echo "${myVar:(-4)}";
beef

Lowercase characters in a variable
$ myVar="fooBARbaz";
$ echo "${myVar,,}";
foobarbaz

====Array manipulation====
Declare an array. (usually not needed, but good practice; not an “associative array”)
$ declare -a my_array

Store lines into an array. (Requires [[Bash]] version 4 or above)
$ mapfile -t my_array < <(find "$HOME" -type f) # store file list
$ mapfile -t my_array < <(seq 1 10) # store the integers 1 through 10

Store lines into an array without <code>mapfile</code> and process substitution (<code>< <(...)</code>); compatible with Bash 3.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
while IFS='' read -r line; do
my_array+=("$line");
done < <(find "$HOME" -type f);
</pre>

Check contents of an array in verbose style. (or any Bash variable)
$ declare -p my_array

Get count of array elements. (works even after you <code>unset</code> an array element)
$ echo "${#my_array[@]}" # note the “#”

Get array indices (each array element as a word; useful for <code>for</code> loops)
$ echo "${!my_array[@]}" # note the “!”

View a particular element of an array by index (Note: zero-indexed)
$ printf "%s\n" "${my_array[1]}" # display second element
$ echo "${my_array[1]}" # mostly the same, but beware special escaped character cases

View all elements of an array, printing one line per array element.
$ printf "%s\n" "${my_array[@]}"

Act on each array element sequentially in a <code>for</code> loop.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
for i in "${!my_array[@]}"; do
printf "%s\n" "Checking element ${i} of ${#my_array[@]}.";
done;
</pre>

Remove a particular array element by index.
$ unset my_array[1] # remove second element.

Declare an associative array. (i.e. an array that uses strings as indices)
$ declare -A myaa #みゃあ

Add an element to an associative array. (various styles)
$ myaa["september"]="7";
$ myaa["october"]=8;
$ my_month="december"; my_var="10"; myaa["${my_month}"]="${my_var}";

Check contents of an associative array (same as for any Bash array)
$ declare -p myaa
$ declare -p my_array myaa # check two variables at the same time

===[[bc]]===
Evaluate math expressions
$ echo "scale=12; 1 / 1.61803398875" | bc -l # division with 12 decimal places
.618033988749
$ echo "scale=6; l(2.718281)" | bc -l # logarithm with only 6 decimal places
.999999

===brew===
[[Homebrew (package manager)|Homebrew]] is a package manager for [[macOS]].

Install via script and [[curl]] (simple, but sketchy method available at https://brew.sh ):
$ /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Update packages
$ brew update

Get info on a package
$ brew info coreutils

Install a package
$ brew install coreutils

Test package commands
$ gdate -Is # Equivalent to Debian 12 `$ date -Is`.
2024-10-08T20:03:18+00:00

===calibredb===
Command-line interface for [[ebook]] manager [[Calibre]]

List all books in <code>author; title</code> format with [[jq]].
$ calibredb list --for-machine | jq -r '.[] | "\(.authors); \(.title)" ' | sort

===chmod===
References:
* https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/it-ops/linux-file-permissions
* https://linuxconfig.org/chmod

Remove read, write, and execute permissions for ''others'' to a file or directory named <code>foo</code>.
# chmod o-rwx foo

Add read and execute permissions for ''group'' to a file or directory named <code>foo</code>.
# chmod g+rx foo

Make all ''directories'' openable (i.e. executable) by ''user'' starting at a directory named <code>bar</code>.
# find ./bar -type d -exec chmod u+x \;

Make all ''files'' non-executable by everyone within a directory named <code>bar</code>.
# find ./bar -type f -exec chmod ugo-x \;
# find ./bar -type f -exec chmod -x \;

Make a file named <code>foo</code> executable for ''user'', ''group'', and ''others'' (i.e. everyone).
# chown +x foo

===choom===
Get OOM score for process with PID <code>1</code>
$ choom --pid 1

List the bottom 50 processes in the OOM priority list (during low memory, the bottom is killed first).
$ printf "pid,ooms,name\n"; while read -r line; do pid="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f2)"; name="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f11-)"; ooms="$(choom -p "$pid" | grep -Eo "[0-9]+$" | head -n1)"; printf "%9d,%4d,%s\n" "$pid" "$ooms" "$name"; done < <(ps aux | tr -s ' ' | tail -n+2) | sort -k2 | tail -n50

===chown===
Change ownership of a file or directory named <code>baz</code> to ''user'' <code>debuser</code> and ''group'' <code>debuser</code>.
# chown debuser:debuser baz

Change ownership of all files and directories contained within the directory named <code>foo</code> to ''user'' <code>debuser</code> and ''group'' <code>debuser</code>.
root@h: chown -R debuser:debuser foo

===[[chrony]]===
The following commands assume the package [[chrony]] is installed.

Get a list of NTP refclocks being used to adjust local time:
$ chronyc sources

Get current machine's statistics (e.g. get Frequency or how slow or fast local clock is)
$ chronyc tracking

===convert===
''See [[#ImageMagick]]''

===column===
<code>column</code> may be used to print lines of standard input into columns (to reduce the total number of lines) or to create tables with custom delimiters (same number of lines). Part of the <code>util-linux</code> package (version <code>2.39.3</code>) in [[Debian]] systems.

Reduce number of rows.
$ seq 1 10 # example multi-line input
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

$ seq 1 10 | column; # minimze rows
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

$ seq 1 10 | column -c 30 # reduce rows to width of 30 characters
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7
4 8

Display text table with separator <code>/</code>.
$ printf "foo/bar/baz\nbi/boo/tax\n"
foo/bar/baz
bi/boo/tax
$ printf "foo/bar/baz\nbi/boo/tax\n" | column -t -s'/'
foo bar baz
bi boo tax

Display <code>/etc/passwd</code> contents (which uses <code>:</code> as separator)
$ sudo cat /etc/passwd | column -t -s ':'

===[[cron|crontab]]===
Edit crontab.
$ crontab -e

Print crontab to stdout:
$ crontab -l

Erase crontab (DON'T DO UNLESS YOU HAVE A BACKUP OF THE CRONTAB):
$ crontab -r

Print to stdout the <code>crontab</code> of user <code>www-data</code> via user <code>root</code> ([https://askubuntu.com/questions/189189/how-to-run-crontab-as-userwww-data ref]):
$ sudo su - www-data -s /bin/bash -c "crontab -l"

===cryptsetup===
====Get details on a volume encrypted with LUKS====

$ cryptsetup status /dev/mapper/$some_volume

where <code>$some_volume</code> is the name of an encrypted volume. [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/260533/how-to-determine-what-encryption-is-being-used-a-luks-partition Reference].

===cut===
Select second field in comma-delimited CSV file <code>file.csv</code>
$ cut -d',' -f2

Select second field in tab-delimited TSV file <code>file.tsv</code>.
$ cut -d$'\t' -f2 file.tsv

Select fields 3 through 7 in comma-delimited CSV file.
$ cut -d',' -f3-7 file.csv

===[[date]]===
''Note: Assumes GNU date.''

Print today's calendar date in [[ISO 8601]] format
$ date -I
$ date -Id
$ date +%Y-%m-%d

Print current date and time in [[ISO 8601]] format to second resolution.
$ date -Is # e.g. 2024-02-01T05:44:58+00:00
$ date +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%:z # e.g. 2024-02-01T05:44:58+00:00

Print current date and time in [[ISO 8601]] format to second resolution with minimal separators. (e.g. for file name use)
$ date +%Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z # e.g. 20240201T054458+00

Print current UNIX epoch. (i.e. integer seconds since [[1970-01-01]].)
$ date +%s

Print all calendar dates for the next 365 days. (e.g. <code>2024-02-01\n2024-02-02\n2024-02-03\n…</code>)
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
today="$(date +%s)"; n=0; for dia in {0..365}; do
day="$((today + dia * (24*60*60) ))";
date --date="@$day" "+%Y-%m-%d";
done;
</pre>

===dd===
Read every block of a block device <code>/dev/sdb</code> in 4 KiB increments.
$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/random bs=4k

Create a 10 MiB file containing [[pseudorandom noise]] using 2 MiB of [[Random access memory|RAM]] at a time.<ref name="su_20120906_ddrandfile">[[u1686_grawity]]. ([[2012-09-06]]). “[https://superuser.com/a/470957/1142336 How do I create a 1GB random file in Linux?]”. ''superuser.com''. Accessed [[2023-07-01]].</ref>
$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=sample.txt bs=2M count=5

===dig===
Get public IP address<ref name="cyberciti_20230311_getpublicip">[[Vivek Gite|Gite, Vivek]]. ([[2023-03-11]]). “[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-find-my-public-ip-address-from-command-line-on-a-linux/ How To Find My Public IP Address From Linux CLI]”. ''cyberciti.biz''. Accessed [[2023-05-08]].</ref>:
$ dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
$ dig +short txt ch whoami.cloudflare @1.0.0.1
$ dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com

===[[dpkg]]===
List available [[kernel]]s.
$ dpkg --list | grep -- linux-image

Check which package owns a file.
$ dpkg -S /etc/systemd/logind.conf # by file path
$ dpkg -S "$(which zdump)" # by command name, e.g. `zdump`

===dpkg-reconfigure===
Add a [[locale]] in [[Debian]]-based systems that use [[dpkg]].
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
: Navigate menus to select the local. Recommended: locales ending in <code>.UTF-8</code> (e.g. <code>C.UTF-8</code> (compatibility), <code>en_US.UTF-8</code> ([[English language|English]] of United States), <code>zh_CN.UTF-8</code> ([[Chinese language|Chinese]] of mainland China), <code>id_ID.UTF-8</code> ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] of [[Indonesia]]), <code>ja_JP.UTF-8</code> ([[Japanese language|Japanese]] of [[Japan]]), <code>ko_KR.UTF-8</code> ([[Korean language|Korean]] of [[South Korea]]).

===[[dstat]]===
''Consider using [[dool]] ([https://github.com/scottchiefbaker/dool GitHub])''

Show system stats, averaged every 60 seconds per line
dstat --time --load --proc --cpu --mem --disk --io --net --sys --vm 60

===[[dool]]===
''A [[python3]] fork of [[dstat]].''

Show system stats, averaged every 60 seconds per line
dool --time --load --proc --cpu --mem --disk --io --net --bytes --sys --vm 60

===[[emacs]]===
''See [[Emacs notes]]''

===[[exiftool]]===
''Note: Consider using [[BK-2020-03]]<code>bkphotorights</code> script to add XMP data with Creative Commons attribution data.''

List all EXIF data, including XMP tags.
$ exiftool file.jpg

Remove all EXIF data from photograph files
$ exiftool -all= file.jpg

Remove only GPS EXIF data from JPG (see https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?topic=6037.0 )
$ exiftool -gps:all= file.jpg

remove only GPS EXIF data from JPG If GPS is in XMP:
$ exiftool "-gps*=" file.jpg

Rotate image via EXIF tag<ref name="exiftool_20161218_rotate">Alan Clifford. ([[2016-12-18]]). “[https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=57842c30da5ac949b63ec7325448da35&msg=40314 Writing to the EXIF:Orientation Tag]”. ''[[exiftool.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-07-13]]. </ref>:
$ exiftool -Orientation#=1 file.jpg # Horizontal (normal)
$ exiftool -Orientation#=2 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal
$ exiftool -Orientation#=3 file.jpg # Rotate 180
$ exiftool -Orientation#=4 file.jpg # Mirror vertical
$ exiftool -Orientation#=5 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal and rotate 270 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=6 file.jpg # Rotate 90 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=7 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal and rotate 90 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=8 file.jpg # Rotate 270 CW

===[[f3]]===
'''Fight Fake Flash''' (F3) is a utility for detecting fake flash storage drives.<ref name="debian_2023_fightfakeflash">“[https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/f3 f3 - test real flash memory capacity]”. ([[2023]]). ''[[tracker.debian.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-11-10]]. </ref>

Install
$ sudo apt install f3

Run on drive mounted at <code>/media/baltakatei/myusb</code>
$ f3write /media/baltakatei/myusb

Verify
$ f3read /media/baltakatei/myusb

===[[ffmpeg]]===
Encode [[h264]] video for compatibility with [[Firefox]].
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 18 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 # higher quality
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 26 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 # smaller size

Extract clip with time codes.
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a aac -b:a 128k -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 60 -t 120 -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4

Extract frame of video to save as [[PNG]] file
$ ffmpeg -i input.webm -ss 00:00:00 -frames:v 1 output.png # first frame
$ ffmpeg -i input.webm -ss 00:00:10 -frames:v 1 output.png # a frame from 10 seconds in

Extract album artwork from one of the original audiobook mp3 files. (''see [[Audiobook transcoding notes]].'')
$ ffmpeg -i How\ To\ -\ Track\ 001.mp3 -an -vcodec copy album_artwork.png

====Quality of life====
Hide verbose configuration banner. (e.g. <code>built with gcc 11… configuration: --prefix=/usr…</code>)
$ ffmpeg -hide_banner

====Encode video====
Encode video using [[VP9]] codec with 2 passes and tile-based multithreading.<ref name="ffmpeg_2024_vp9-encoding">“[https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/VP9 FFmpeg and VP9 Encoding Guide]”. ([[2024-01]]). ''[[ffmpeg.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-05-23]]. </ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
fin=input.mkv;
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$fin" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -row-mt 1 -b:v 0 -crf 18 -pass 1 -f null /dev/null && \
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$fin" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -row-mt 1 -b:v 0 -crf 18 -pass 2 "${fin%.mkv}.webm"
</pre>

Specify a constant rate factor (CRF)
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a copy output.mp4

Clip a video at CRF 18 and encode audio to [[OPUS]].
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a libopus -b:a 128k -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4

Process multiple videos in a [[Bash]] while loop. (Avoid [[stdin]] conflict with <code>-nostdin</code> option)<ref name="bashfaq_20221030_089stdin">“[https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/089 BashFAQ/089 I'm reading a file line by line and running ssh or ffmpeg, only the first line gets processed!]”. ([[2022-10-30]]). ''mywiki.wooledge.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-29]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230723080923/https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/089 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-23]]. </ref><ref name="se_20220922_bashvarffmpeg">[[roaima]]. ([[2022-09-22]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/718279 Bash variable truncated when passed into ffmpeg]”. ''[[unix.stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-07-29]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230729161626/https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/718277/bash-variable-truncated-when-passed-into-ffmpeg/718279#718279 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-29]].</ref>

while IFS= read -r file; do
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$file" -c:v libx264 -c:a aac "${file%.avi}".mkv
done < <(find . -name '*.avi')

=====Apply video filters=====
Create a 1-minute 60 fps time lapse video from 3 hours of 30 fps input.
: From videos, create a file list then run <code>ffmpeg</code> on the list.
$ for f in ./*.MP4; do echo "file '$PWD/$f'" >> filelist.txt; done

: Create the 60 fps (<code>-r 60</code>) timelapse of 3 hours reduced into 1 minute. The <code>setpts</code> factor is equal to <code>(duration out)/(duration in)*(fps out)/(fps in)</code>. So, <code>(1*60)/(3*60*60)*(60/30) ≈ 0.01111</code>)
$ ffmpeg -nostdin -f concat -safe 0 -i filelist.txt -vf "setpts=0.01111*PTS" -an -r 60 output_timelapse.mp4

Apply a temporal median filter across a radius of 10 frames.<ref name="ffmpeg_2024_filter-tmedian">“[https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#tmedian 11.259 tmedian]”. (n.d.). ''[[ffmpeg.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-09-04]]. </ref>
$ ffmpeg -f -i input.mp4 -vf "tmedian=radius=10:planes=15:percentile=0.5" -an output.mp4

Apply both a time lapse and a temporal median filter for several <code>.[[MP4]]</code> files.
$ for f in ./*.MP4; do echo "file '$PWD/$f'" >> filelist.txt; done;
$ ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i filelist.txt -vf "setpts=0.01111*PTS, tmedian=radius=10:planes=15:percentile=0.5" -an -r 60 -crf 30 output_timelapse_crf30_median.mp4

====Split a video file into roughly equal segments====
Reference: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/212518/411854

$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy -map 0 -segment_time 00:20:00 -f segment -reset_timestamps 1 output%03d.mp4

====Combine video files into a single file====
Reference: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate

# this is a comment of the file named mylist.txt
file '/path/to/file1.wav'
file '/path/to/file2.wav'
file '/path/to/file3.wav'

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy output.wav

====Add subtitles to a video file====
Add multiple [[ASS]] subtitle files to a single [[MP4]] video file.<ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-03-01]]: See [[ffmpeg]]ʼs [https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Map <code>map</code>] option. Order is important.</ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.en-US.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.es-US.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.id.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.ja.ass \
-map 0:v -map 0:a \
-map 1 -map 2 -map 3 -map 4 \
-metadata:s:s:0 language=eng \
-metadata:s:s:1 language=spa \
-metadata:s:s:2 language=ind \
-metadata:s:s:3 language=jpn \
-c copy \
-c:s ass output.mkv
</pre>

===[[ffprobe]]===
Get audio duration in seconds as a decimal number.<ref name="so_20110604_duration-audio-file">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/200265/louise louise]. ([[2011-06-04]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/22243834/10850071 How to extract duration time from ffmpeg output?]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-10]]. </ref>
$ ffprobe -i "$file" -show_entries format=duration -v quiet -of csv="p=0";

: Get audio duration in seconds of all <code>.flac</code> files in the working directory with [[bc]].
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
dur="0.0"; while read -r line; do
line_dur="$(ffprobe -i "$line" -show_entries format=duration -v quiet -of csv="p=0")";
dur="$(echo "$dur + $line_dur" | bc -l)";
done < <(find . -type f -name "*.flac");
echo "$dur";
</pre>

Get chapter times.<ref name="se_20190425_ffmpeg-chapters">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/349887/nemo Nemo]. ([[2019-04-25]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/515371 Using ffmpeg to split an Audible audio-book into chapters?]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-20]]. </ref><ref group=fn>{{bk}}: See <code>[[BK-2020-03]]:user/mw_get_audiobook_chapters.sh</code>. </ref>
$ ffprobe -i "$file" -print_format json -show_chapters -sexagesimal

===[[find]]===
Outputs newline-delimited (default) list of paths of files or directories matching specified filters.

List all files and directories in the <code>/path/to/dir</code> directory recursively.
$ find /path/to/dir

List all files in working directory recursively
$ find . -type f

List all directories in working directory recursively
$ find . -type d

Search <code>$HOME</code> for files ending in <code>.jpg</code> or <code>.JPG</code>.
$ find $HOME/ -type f -iname "*.jpg"

Get file sizes, via [[du]], of all files in the working directory recursively
$ find . -type f -exec du -b '{}' \;

List all files and directories within the working directory.
$ find . -maxdepth 1

List all files and directories precisely 4 subdirectories deep
$ find . -mindepth 4 -maxdepth 4

List all files in the working directory recursively, following symlinks up to a maximum depth of 10 subdirectories deep
$ find -L . -maxdepth 10 -type f

List all files and directories in the working directory starting with a <code>.</code> (i.e. list all dotfiles and dotdirs)
$ find . -name ".*"

List all files and directories in the working directory starting with a <code>.</code>
$ find . ! -name ".*"

List all files in the working directory recursively except those ending in either <code>.ots</code> or <code>.ots.bak</code>
$ find . -type f ! $ -name "*.ots" -or -name "*.ots.bak" $

Find files in the working directory of a minimum size. (e.g. greater than but not equal to 1 MiB)
$ find . -type f -size +$((1024 * 1024))c # calc MiB
$ find . -type f -size +$((1024 ** 2))c # calc MiB
$ find . -type f -size +1048576c # use bytes
$ find . -type f -size +1M # do not use due to rounding issues

Find files in the working directory of a maximum size. (e.g. less than but not equal to 1 MiB)
$ find /path/to/dir -type f -size -1048576c # use -1048576c instead of -1M due to rounding issues

Find files in <code>/path/to/dir</code> older than a certain date (e.g. <code>2024-01-01</code>)
$ find /path/to/search -not -newermt 2024-01-01

List files sorted by modification date
$ find /path/to/directory -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | sort -n | cut -d' ' -f2-

List all <code>.json</code> files in <code>/path/to/dir</code> that lack an accompanying <code>.txt</code> file. (e.g. show <code>file.json</code> if <code>file.txt</code> does not exist.
$ while read -r line; do if [[ ! -f "${line%.json}.txt" ]]; then declare -p line; fi; done < <(find /path/to/dir -type f -name "*.json");

Perform a command (e.g. <code>ots s</code> on every file via null-terminated pipe to [[xargs]] in random order.
$ find . -type f -print0 | shuf --zero-terminated | xargs --null ots s

===[[gcc]]===
''Available in Debian <code>build-essential</code> package.

The GNU C Compiler

Compile C-code specified in the command line.<ref name="se_20141024_gccbashprocsub">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/14034/celada Celada]. ([[2014-10-24]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/164109/411854 Why does BASH process substitution not work with some commands?]”. Accessed [[2023-07-14]]. </ref>
$ gcc -x c <(echo 'int main(){return 0;}')
$ echo 'int main(){return 0;}' | gcc -x c -
$ gcc -x c -o hello <(echo -e "#include <stdio.h>\n main()\n{\nprintf(\"hello, \");\nprintf(\"world\");\nprintf(\"\\\n\");\n}")

===[[git]]===
{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|git}}

See recent checkout, commit, or other operations by commit reference. (e.g. to find a commit lost because it was on a detached HEAD).
$ git reflog

To automatically sign merges (not default).
$ git config merge.gpgsign true
$ git -c merge.gpgsign='true' pull

See remotes.
$ git remote -v

Rename a remote. ([https://support.beanstalkapp.com/article/16-how-do-i-rename-an-existing-git-remote ref])
$ git remote rename beanstalk origin

Export a git bundle (repository backup)
$ git bundle create filename.bundle --all

Trace git operations (especially those involving <code>gpg</code> signing operations). ([https://gist.github.com/paolocarrasco/18ca8fe6e63490ae1be23e84a7039374 ref])
$ GIT_TRACE=1 git commit

Get current commit, short git log entry, and ISO-8601 date
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=iso
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=format:"%Y-%m-%d" #shorter date

Delete a local branch named `develop` (assuming `develop` is not checked out).
$ git branch -d develop

Untrack but don't remove committed file. ([https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12481639/remove-files-from-git-commit#comment28735458_12481977 Ref/attrib]; useful if you tracked something that shouldn't be tracked like <code>repo.git/config</code>)
$ git rm --cached path/to/committed/file

Pull branch <code>develop</code> from remote <code>origin</code> to unchecked out local branch <code>develop</code> without altering working tree (useful if worktree files are being used by something else).
$ git pull origin develop:develop

Set single configuration parameters for the duration of a single command.
: Disable checking [[GPG]] signatures when running </code>$ git log</code>. (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/19841177 ref])
$ git -c log.showSignature='false' log

: Commit and/or tag with <code>ots --wait</code> option.
$ pathOtsWait="/home/debuser/.local/share/ots/ots-git-gpg-wrapper-wait.sh";
$ git -c gpg.program="$pathOtsWait" commit -S
$ git -c gpg.program="$pathOtsWait" tag --sign "some_tag_name" main

Set a remote branch `origin/develop` as the upstream branch for a local branch named `develop`.<ref name="git_20190816_gitbranch">“[https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch/2.23.0 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches]”. ([[2019-08-16]]). ''git-scm.com''. Accessed [[2023-04-20]].</ref>
$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/develop develop

Get current commit, short git log entry, and ISO-8601 date
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=iso
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=format:"%Y-%m-%d" #shorter date

Delete a local branch named `develop` (assuming `develop` is not checked out).
$ git branch -d develop

Untrack but don't remove committed file. ([https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12481639/remove-files-from-git-commit#comment28735458_12481977 Ref/attrib]; useful if you tracked something that shouldn't be tracked like <code>repo.git/config</code>)
$ git rm --cached path/to/committed/file

Pull branch <code>develop</code> from remote <code>origin</code> to unchecked out local branch <code>develop</code> without altering working tree (useful if worktree files are being used by something else).
$ git pull origin develop:develop

Set a remote branch `origin/develop` as the upstream branch for a local branch named `develop`.<ref name="git_20190816_gitbranch">“[https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch/2.23.0 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches]”. ([[2019-08-16]]). ''git-scm.com''. Accessed [[2023-04-20]].</ref>
$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/develop develop

Disable git credential helper for a single command.<ref name="so_20170517_gitdisablecredhelp">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/6309/vonc VonC]. ([[2017-05-17]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/44033298 How do I disable git's credential helper for a single repository?]”. ''[[Stack Overflow]]''. Accessed [[2023-08-02]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203919/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13198143/how-do-i-disable-gits-credential-helper-for-a-single-repository/44033298 Archived] from the original on [[2023-08-02]]. </ref>
$ git -c credential.helper= pull origin refs/heads/master

===[[gpg]]===
''See also [[GnuPG]]''

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|gpg}}

Verify a file named <code>SHA256SUMS</code> against detached signature file <code>SHA256SUMS.gpg</code>
$ gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS

Use a temporary keyring
$ gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /dev/shm/temp-keyring.kbx

Refresh keys
$ gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --receive-keys deadbeef deadbeef
$ gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --receive-keys deadbeef deadbeef

Verify a file (e.g. <code>SHA256SUMS</code>) against a detached signature (e.g. <code>SHA256SUMS.gpg</code>).
$ gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS

===grep===
Search for a process named “<code>bash</code>” with <code>ps aux</code> and <code>grep bash</code> but exclude matches of “<code>grep bash</code>" itself.
$ ps aux | grep "bas[h]"

Ignore binary matches with <code>-I</code> option.
$ grep "a" largeProgram.exe && echo "Match found." || echo "No match found."
grep: get_put_char: binary file matches
Match found.
$ grep -I "a" largeProgram.exe && echo "Match found." || echo "No match found."
No match found.

Use [[find]] with [[parallel]] to recursively search a file tree for text matches.
$ find . -type f -name "*.tsv" | parallel grep -iHIC3 --color=always -e 'mexico' '{}'
: <code>-name "*.tsv"</code>: Search only files with names ending in <code>.tsv</code>.
: <code>-i</code>: Ignore character capitalization.
: <code>-H</code>: Print name of file containing match.
: <code>-C3</code>: Show 3 lines before and after match.
: <code>-I</code>: Do not search binary files.
: <code>-e 'mexico'</code>: Search for lines containing the string <code>mexico</code>
: <code>'{}'</code>: Filename word placeholder for [[parallel]].

===[[gs]]===
See also [[Ghostscript]].

Remove raster images from a PDF.<ref name="so_20160616_removepdfraster">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/359307/kurt-pfeifle Kurt Pfeifle]. ([[2016-06-16]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/37858893 ]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-10-28]]. </ref>
$ gs -o noimages.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERIMAGE input.pdf

====[[Regular Expressions]]====

Show lines that match pattern.
$ grep 'some pattern' -- file.txt

Show lines that don't match pattern.
$ grep -v 'some pattern' -- file.txt

Match integers of a range of numbers of digits (e.g. 2 to 3)
$ myVar="$(printf "S2 E3\nS57 E11\nS131 E51\nS7212 E3\n")"
$ echo "$myVar"
S2 E3
S57 E11
S131 E51
S7212 E3
$ echo "$myVar" | grep -E "S[0-9]{2,3} "
S57 E11
S131 E51

Match http URLs in a text file (see [https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/181258 ref])
$ cat input.txt | grep -Eo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_%:-]*" | sort -u

===[[gunzip]]===
See [[{{PAGENAME}}#gzip|#gzip]].

===[[gzip]]===
Transform a <code>sql.gz</code> archive into a <code>sql.xz</code> archive.
$ gunzip -c archivo.sql.gz | xz -z - > archivo.sql.xz

===[[head]]===
Note: Consider using in tandem with [[#tail|tail]] when printing ranges of lines from large files.

Print first 3 lines.
$ seq 1 10 | head -n3
1
2
3

Print all but last 3 lines.
$ seq 1 10 | head -n-3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

===[[iftop]]===
Show data traffic (i.e. [[bandwidth]] usage) on network interface <code>eth0</code>. Note: consider using in tandem with [[nethogs]].
$ sudo iftop -i eth0

===[[iotop]]===
Show disk write rates for a given process by PID.
$ iotop -p PID

List accumulative (<code>-a</code>) disk read/write rates for all <code>tar</code> and <code>xz</code> processes via process PIDs (<code>-p</code>), updating every 10 seconds (<code>-d10</code>).
$ sudo iotop -ad10 $(pgrep "tar|xz" | xargs -I "{}" echo -n "-p {} ")

===[[ip]]===
Show available network interfaces.
$ ip link show

===[[ImageMagick]]===
Convert a [[PNG]] file into a [[JPEG]] at 90% quality.
$ convert input.png -quality 90 output.jpg

Convert a [[GIF]] into a set of frames (Note: May fail with some optimized GIF formats)
$ convert Year_2038_problem.gif output%02d.gif

===[[jdupes]]===
List duplicates in DIR greater than or equal to 100MB.
$ jdupes -X size+=:100MB DIR -r

List duplicates within DIR1 (not following subdirectories) and within DIR2 (following subdirectories)
$ jdupes -X size+=:100MB DIR1 -R DIR2

List duplicates within DIR1, DIR2, and DIR3 recursively, listing duplicates of DIR1 first
$ jdupes -r -O DIR1 DIR2 DIR3

===[[journalctl]]===
Show previous 1 hour of logs:
$ journalctl --utc --all --output=short-iso --since=-1h

Show logs since <code>2023-01-10T09:15</code> and before <code>2023-01-10T13:00</code>:
$ journalctl --utc --all --output=short-iso --since=\"2023-01-10 09:15\" --until=\"2023-01-10 13:00\"

===[[less]]===
Display file as scrollable buffer.
$ less file.txt

Display file and display live updates.
$ less +F file.txt

Display file while truncating display of long lines.
$ less -S file.txt

Display file while interpreting [[ANSI]] color codes (e.g. <code>$ jq -C '.' file.json | less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS</code>)
$ less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS

===[[locate]]===
Install on [[ubuntu]] 24.{{bkc|[[2024-12-11]]: Apparently this package used to be part of GNU <code>findutils</code>. }}
$ sudo apt install locate

===[[ls]]===
Note: assumes <code>ls</code> from GNU Coreutils 8.32

List all files, sorted by [[ISO-8601]]-style date.
$ ls -alh --time-style=long-iso | sort -k6,7
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 88K 2005-08-19 19:18 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 930K 2010-07-28 02:01 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 2.4M 2016-05-18 14:52 file3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 7.2K 2021-05-11 15:29 file4

===[[lsof]]===
Display all files opened by a process by a single PID.<ref name="tecmint_20230714_lsof-examples" />
$ lsof -p PID

Display all files opened by a process by name (e.g. [[xz]])<ref name="tecmint_20230714_lsof-examples">[[Narad Shrestha]]. ([[2023-07-14]]). “[https://www.tecmint.com/10-lsof-command-examples-in-linux/ How to Use ‘lsof’ Command to Check Open Files in Linux]”. ''[[tecmint.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-05]]. </ref>
$ while read -r line; do lsof -p "$line"; printf "\n"; done < <(pgrep xz)

===[[mail]]===
Reference: https://devanswers.co/you-have-mail-how-to-read-mail-in-ubuntu/

Commands:
$ mail # start mail
& h$ # list latest messages<ref name="johnkerl_19970428_unix-mail">[[John Kerl]] ([[1997-04-28]]). “[https://www.johnkerl.org/doc/mail-how-to.html How to use the Unix command-line mail tool]”. ''[[johnkerl.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-05]]. </ref>
& 5 # read message 5
& d 1 # delete message 1
& q # quit mail

Send mail to self:
$ mail -s "I'm in your base" -- "$(whoami)" < <(printf "Killing your dudes.\n")

Delete all mail<ref name="so_20121117_deletemail">[[timaschew]]. ([[2012-11-17]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/13430307 How do I purge a linux mail box with huge number of emails? [closed]]”. ''Stack Overflow''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref>:
$ mail -N
& d *
& quit

===[[make]]===
''See [[GNU Make]]''

Compile source code according to a file named <code>Makefile</code>
$ make

Note, even with [[GNU make]], column 1 indentations REQUIRE a tab (i.e. `\t`), not a space (`\s`).<ref name="se_20210701_maketabs">[https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/79/stephen-kitt Stephen Kitt]. ([[2021-07-01]]). “[https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/a/20293 Why does make only accept tab-indentation?]” ''Stack Exchange''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528004825/https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/20292/why-does-make-only-accept-tab-indentation Archived] from the original on [[2023-05-28]].
</ref>

Compile multiple source code files with a single `make all` command.<ref name="so_20110510_makemultiplefiles">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/714501/cnicutar cnicutar]. ([[2011-05-10]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/5950445/10850071 Makefile to compile multiple C programs?]”. ''Stack Overflow''. Accessed [[2023-07-13]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714044550/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5950395/makefile-to-compile-multiple-c-programs/5950445 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-14]].</ref> `Makefile` contents:

all: program1 program2

program1: program1.c
gcc -o program1 program1.c

program2: program2.c
gcc -o program2 program2.c

===[[mdadm]]===
Software [[RAID]] manager.

Check status of RAID device <code>/dev/md0</code>.<ref name="se_20120108_mmdadmcheck">[[Gilles]]. ([[2012-01-08]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/28642/411854 How to check 'mdadm' RAIDs while running?]”. Accessed [[2023-03-26]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925044124/http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28636/how-to-check-mdadm-raids-while-running/28642#28642 Archived] from the original on [[2015-09-25]].</ref>
$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Check status of all RAID devices.<ref name="se_20120108_mmdadmcheck" />
$ sudo cat /proc/mdstat

===mimetype===
Get file mimetype
$ cat file.jpg | mimetype --stdin

===[[mpv]]===
Use newline-delimited stdin list of file paths as playlist.
$ find ~/Music/ -type f | mpv --playlist=-

Enable shuffle
$ mpv --shuffle

Settings for fast playback (e.g. 2x){{bkc|[[2024-08-11]]: This option may cause issues with playback of some [[FLAC]] files.}}
$ mpv --af=scaletempo=stride=15:overlap=1:search=15'

Play video with subtitle file
$ mpv --embed-subs="$filepath" video.mp4

===[[neofetch]]===
Show system information without art
$ neofetch --off

===[[nethogs]]===
Show data traffic (i.e. [[bandwidth]] usage) by process on network interface <code>eth0</code>.
$ sudo nethogs eth0

: Toggle between data rates and total data amounts with `m`.

===[[notify-send]]===
Note (Debian): Installed via the [[libnotify-bin]] package.

Create a system notification:
$ notify-send "title" "body"

===[[openbox]]===
A window manager for [[LxQt]] and [[Lubuntu]].

Reload configuration files.{{bkc|[[2024-08-21]]: Such as those kept at <code>/usr/share/themes/Mikachu/openbox-3/themerc</code>. }}<ref name="askubuntu_20161006_openbox-window-resize-grab-area">[https://askubuntu.com/users/248158/dk-bose DK Bose]. ([[2016-10-06]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/834022 Size of grab area for resizing window in lubuntu]”. Accessed [[2024-08-21]]. </ref>
$ openbox --reconfigure

===[[ots]]===
Use [[OpenTimestamps]] ([https://opentimestamps.org/ website]) to timestamp files against the [[Bitcoin]] blockchain. Program by [[Peter Todd]], a [[Bitcoin Core]] developer.

Install Opentimestamps on Ubuntu 24 via [[pipx]].{{bkc|[[2025-01-18]]: [[pipx]] recommended to install [[ots]] due to [[PEP 668]] ([https://peps.python.org/pep-0668/ link] mandating partitioning operating system environment from user-space. }} Provides the <code>ots</code> executable.
$ sudo apt install pipx
$ pipx install opentimestamps-client

Timestamp <code>file.txt</code>. Creates timestamp file <code>file.txt.ots</code>.
$ ots s file.txt
$ ots stamp file.txt

Upgrade a timestamp file. Creates a backup file (<code>file.txt.ots.bak</code>) if necessary.
$ ots upgrade file.txt.ots
$ ots u file.txt.ots

Verify a timestamp file.
$ ots verify file.txt.ots
$ ots v file.txt.ots

Verify a specific file against a specific timestamp file.
$ ots v -f file.txt file.txt.ots

Timestamp all files in working directory that lack a timestamp.
$ while read -r line; do if [[ ! -f "${line}.ots" ]]; then printf "%s\0" "$line"; fi; done < <(find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -name "*.ots" | shuf; ) | xargs -0 ots s

===[[pandoc]]===
Convert [[markdown]] text file into mediawiki code.<ref name="so_20100926_markdown-to-mediawiki">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/315013/applicative applicative]. ([[2010-09-26]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/3796608 Are there any tools to convert markdown to Wiki text in other formats]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-27]]. </ref>
$ pandoc -f markdown -t mediawiki -o output.wc input.txt

===[[par2]]===
{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|par2}}

Create parity files of <code>archive.tar.xz</code> with default settings.
$ par2 create archive.tar.xz.par2 archive.tar.xz

===[[GNU parallel|parallel]]===
''See [[GNU parallel]]''

Duplicate a set of directories (non-recursively) (e.g. home sub-directories). Metadata not copied.
$ find "$HOME" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d | parallel mkdir "$HOME/{}"

Hash every file in the home directory.
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel --jobs="" sha256sum '{}' # use all CPUs
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel --jobs="25%" sha256sum '{}' # use at most 25% of CPU cores
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel sha256sum '{}' #

Run a thread for every item in an array.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ myArray=("jan"); myArray=("feb"); myArray=("mar");
$ declare -p myArray
declare -a myArray=([0]="jan" [1]="feb" [2]="mar")
$ parallel echo '{}' ::: "${myArray[@]}"
jan
feb
mar
</pre>

Supply different arguments for each job with an `--arg-file`.
$ printf "foo\tbee\n" >> args.txt;
$ printf "bar\tboo\n" >> args.txt;
$ printf "baz\ttax\n" >> args.txt;
$ parallel --col-sep '\t' --arg-file args.txt echo '{2}' '{1}';
bee foo
boo bar
tax baz

Avoid OOM by suspending jobs on low memory via <code>--memsuspend 512M</code> (e.g. 512 [[mebibytes]]), which suspends job if less than <code>2 * 512 = 1024</code> mebibytes memory free. If only one job remains, it will not suspend.
$ seq 1 10 | parallel --memsuspend 512M echo '{}';

===paste===
List contents of three files as columns.
$ printf "foo\nbar\nbaz\n" > 1.txt
$ printf "bee\nboo\ntax\n" > 2.txt
$ paste 1.txt 2.txt
foo bee
bar boo
baz tax

Split lines of a single file into columns
$ seq 1 13 | paste - - - # three columns
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13

===pipx===
[[pipx]] is a tool that automates the creation of [[virtual environment]]s when installing command-line [[python]] packages via [[pip]].

Install [[pipx]].
$ sudo apt install pipx
$ pipx ensurepath # make sure PATH environment variable contains pipx directories

Install [[OpenAI]] [[Whisper (speech recognition system)|Whisper]]
$ sudo apt install ffmpeg # get ffmpeg dependency
$ pipx install openai-whisper

Upgrade OpenAI Whisper
$ pipx upgrade openai-whisper # as opposed to 'pip install -U openai-whisper'

===[[ps]]===
Show process PIDs and full commands.
$ ps -eo pid,args

===[[pdftk]]===
Install{{bkc|[[2025-01-26]]: As of [[2025]], <code>$ sudo apt install pdftk</code> no longer works, likely due to licensing issues with [[PDF Labs]] ([https://www.pdflabs.com/tools/pdftk-the-pdf-toolkit/ web]) }}<ref name="gitlab_2023_pdftk-java">[[Marc Vinyals]]. ([[2023]]). “[https://gitlab.com/pdftk-java/pdftk pdftk-java]”. ''[[gitlab.com]]''. Accessed [[2025-01-26]]. </ref>
$ sudo apt install pdftk-java

Combine PDFs
$ pdftk doc1.pdf doc2.pdf doc3.pdf cat output output.pdf

Extract page range from a PDF. (e.g. extract first 13 pages)
$ pdftk input.pdf cat 1-13 output output.pdf

===[[pdftotext]]===
Install.
$ sudo apt install poppler-utils

Convert PDF to text. (Note: If text is [[Raster graphics|rasterized]], use [[#tesseract|tesseract]] instead).
$ pdftotext output.pdf output.txt

===[[pgrep]]===
Exit early if a specific process (e.g. <code>yt-dlp</code>) is already running.
$ if pgrep "yt-dlp" 1>/dev/random 2>&1; then exit 1; fi;

===printf===
====GNU Coreutils====
Round a float to nearest integer<ref>{{bk}}: [[2023-09-09]]: Tested with GNU Coreutils 8.32</ref>:
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar";
14
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
14.29
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.1f\n" "$myVar"
14.3
$ myVar="-14.28571"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
-14.29
$ myVar="28.57142"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
28.57
$ myVar="28.57142"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
29

: Note, GNU Coreutils printf uses “[[Rounding|round to even]]” (i.e. “Bankerʼs rounding”) for cases when 5 must be rounded.<ref name="se_20151101_printfrounding">user79742. ([[2015-11-01]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/240113 Weird float rounding behavior with printf]”. ''[[unix.stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-10-04]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004195404/https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/240112/weird-float-rounding-behavior-with-printf/240113#240113 Archived] from the original on [[2023-10-04]]. </ref>
$ myVar="5.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
6
$ myVar="6.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
6
$ myVar="7.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
8
$ myVar="8.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
8

Print integer with leading zeroes. (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/18460742/10850071 ref])

$ n=7; printf "%05d\n" "$n";
00007

Print a bash array (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/15692004/10850071 ref])

$ declare -a my_array; my_array+=("jan"); my_array+=("feb");
$ printf '%s\n' "${my_array[@]}";
jan
feb

Print a progress bar
#!/bin/bash

total_iterations=100
current_iteration=0

while [ $current_iteration -lt $total_iterations ]; do
# Your actual loop content goes here
sleep 0.1 # This is just an example, replace with your actual task

# Calculate progress percentage
progress_percentage=$(( 100 * current_iteration / total_iterations ))

# Print progress percentage without causing scrolling
printf "\rProgress: %3d%%" $progress_percentage

# Increment the iteration counter
current_iteration=$(( current_iteration + 1 ))
done

# Print a newline character to move to the next line after the loop is done
echo

====C stdio.h====
Print an int as a hexadecimal

int a=17; printf("%x\n",a);

Print an int as a binary (<code>glibc >2.35</code>, check via <code>$ ldd --version</code>)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1023; printf("%b\n",a); return 0;

: When compiled with <code>gcc-12</code> (previous versions throw errors) and glibc >2.35, this prints:

1111111111

===[[rev]]===
Get a counted list of unique file extensions in the current working directory.

$ find ./ -type f | rev | cut -d'/' -f1 | cut -d'.' -f1 | rev | sort | uniq -c | sort -hk1;

: An explanation:
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ find ./ -type f | \ # Get a list of files in current working directory.
rev | \ # Reverse order of characters within each line.
cut -d'/' -f1 | \ # Get file name.
cut -d'.' -f1 | \ # Cut all characters except for those before the final `.` in the filename.
rev | \ # Restore order of characters within each line.
sort | \ # Sort for uniq.
uniq -c | \ # Count and remove duplicates.
sort -hk1; # Sort by extension count field of each line.
</pre>

===[[rsync]]===
Note: These commands assume use of ''rsync'' version <code>3.2.7 protocol version 31</code>, which is available on [[Debian]] version <code>11</code>.

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|rsync}}

Exclude all dotfiles or dotdirectories at any directory level.
$ echo ".*/**" >> exclude.txt
$ rsync -avu --exclude-from=exclude.txt somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/

Copy all files contained within a directory named <code>SOURCE</code> located within <code>somepath</code> into a directory named <code>DEST</code> within <code>anotherpath</code>, preserving file attributes (e.g. user:group, read/write/execute permissions), and overwriting existing files within <code>DEST</code> if they differ in modification date and/or size from those of <code>SOURCE</code>. The forward slashes after <code>SOURCE</code> and <code>DEST</code> are significant; omitting them may cause the creation of a new directory layer instead of synchronizing the file trees of <code>SOURCE</code> and <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/

Make the contents of <code>DEST</code> exactly match that of <code>SOURCE</code>, overwriting and deleting files as required in <code>DEST</code> via the <code>--delete-before</code> command, performing all deletions before file copying begins. This is useful for updating a backup of <code>SOURCE</code> at <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu --delete-before somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/somedir/DEST/

Copy files from a local <code>SOURCE</code> to a <code>DEST</code> in a remote user's home directory (e.g. <code>/home/username/DEST/</code>) via the [[ssh]] command.
$ rsync -avu -e 'ssh' somepath/SOURCE/ username@hostname:DEST/

Copy files only files containing <code>_small</code> in their filenames from a <code>SOURCE</code> to <code>DEST</code>. This preserves the directory tree of <code>SOURCE</code>.
$ rsync -avu --progress --include '*/' --include '*_small*' --exclude '*' somepath/SOURCE/ somepath/DEST/

:: Exclude <code>_small</code>files larger than 100 000 000 bytes.
$ rsync -avu --progress --include '*/' --include '*_small*' --exclude '*' --max-size=100MB --remove-source-files somepath/SOURCE/ somepath/DEST/

: Move (i.e. extract) only the files containing <code>_small</code> in their file names, deleting them from <code>SOURCE</code> if successfully copied to <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu --progress --include '*/' --include '*_small*' --exclude '*' --remove-source-files somepath/SOURCE/ somepath/DEST/

Recreate full path at destination.<ref name="askubuntu_20141121_rsync-preserve-dirtree">[https://askubuntu.com/users/193328/jan jan]. ([[2014-11-21]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/552122 Preserve directory tree while copying with rsync]”. ''[[askubuntu.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-04-01]]. </ref>
$ rsync -avu -R somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/
$ ls anotherpath/DEST/somepath/SOURCE/

===sed===
[https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html GNU sed manual].

Replace first instance of a string.
$ echo "foo foo" | sed 's/oo/ee/'
fee foo

Replace all instances of a string.
$ echo "foo foo" | sed 's/oo/ee/g'
fee fee

Replace all instances of a string in a file (CAUTION: modifies the file):
$ printf "foo\n" > bar.txt
$ cat bar.txt
foo
$ sed -i 's/oo/ee/g' bar.txt
$ cat bar.txt
fee

Append something to the start of each line ([https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/443150 ref]):
$ printf "bar\nbaz\n" | sed 's/^/foo/'
foobar
foobaz
$ printf "bar\nbaz\n" | sed 's~^~foo~' # use ~ instead of / as regex delimiter
foobar
foobaz

Delete blank lines. (see [https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/76066/411854 ref])
$ printf "foo\n\nbar\n"
foo

bar
$ printf "foo\n\nbar\n" | sed '/^$/d'
foo
bar

Remove an initial `./` from the start of file lists produced by `find` whether newlines or NULL chars are used as list delimiters. Example: [[sumdir]] v0.1.2
$ sed -E 's/(^|\x00)\.\//\1/g'

Print specific lines of a file. (i.e. get a specific line from a file)
$ some_command | sed -n '2p' # prints line 2 of standard input
$ sed -n '2p' file.txt # prints line 2<ref>{{bk}}; [[2024-01-29]]: See https://stackoverflow.com/a/74076669</ref>
$ sed '2q;d' big_file.txt # prints line of a very large file.<ref>{{bk}}; [[2024-01-29]]: See https://stackoverflow.com/a/30657175 </ref>
$ sed -n '2p'
$ sed -n '2,5p' file.txt # prints lines 2 through 5 inclusive.{{bkc|[[2025-04-04]]: Consider using [[#tail]] and [[#head]] <code>$ seq 1 100 | tail -n+50 | head -n4</code> (get values 50 to 53).}}
$ sed -n '2p;5p;' file.txt # prints only lines 2 and 5.

Substitute special characters
$ echo "2 * 5 = 8" | sed -E -e 's/*/x/' # doesn't work because asterisk is special regex
sed: -e expression #1, char 6: Invalid preceding regular expression
$ echo "2 * 5 = 10" | sed -E -e 's/\*/x/' # works

===seq===
Generate a sequence of integers, newline-delimited.
$ seq 1 3
1
2
3

===[[ssh]]===
Connect to a local machine's [[Syncthing]] instance via [[firefox]].
$ firefox 127.0.0.1:8384

Connect to a remote server's [[Syncthing]] instance via [[ssh]] port forwarding and [[firefox]].
$ ssh -L 127.0.0.1:8388:127.0.0.1:8384 user@hostname
$ firefox 127.0.0.1:8388

Get a host's SSH fingerprint<ref name="se_20160509_sshkeyscan">[[Anthony Geoghegan]]. ([[2016-05-09]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/268692/411854 Get SSH server key fingerprint]”. Accessed [[2023-06-25]]. </ref>
$ ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub

====Configure [[gnupg]], [[ssh]], and smartcard on [[macOS]]====
Install necessary [[homebrew]] packages
% [[#brew|brew]] update && brew upgrade;
% brew install gnupg pinentry-mac

<code>$ gpg -K</code> should have a line like this with <code>[A]</code>:
ssb> rsa4096/0x5F9D26B9A598A2D3 2018-05-16 [A] [expires: 2026-07-07]

Configure [[GnuPG]] to use <code>pinentry-mac</code>
% which pinentry;
/opt/homebrew/bin/pinentry-mac;
% which pinentry-mac >> ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf;

Configure [[GnuPG]] to be able to talk to [[ssh]] by:
: Adding these lines to <code>~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</code>:
<pre>
default-cache-ttl 300
max-cache-ttl 999999
enable-ssh-support
</pre>

: and exporting these environment variables to your shell (probably <code>~/.[[zsh]]rc</code> as of [[2024]])
<pre>
export GPG_TTY="$(tty)";
export SSH_AUTH_SOCK="$(gpgconf --list-dirs agent-ssh-socket)";
</pre>

Export the [[ssh]] public key from your [[OpenPGP]] key via [[GnuPG]]:
: Get public key line to add to remote machine
$ gpg --export-ssh-key YOUR_KEY_ID > my_gpg_ssh_pubkey.txt

: This should look like:
$ cat my_gpg_ssh_pubkey.txt
$ ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA… user@host

: Add ssh pubkey to remote machine by
:: running this command remotely (via a preëxisting [[ssh]] session or by visiting the remote machine physically)
remote$ echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA… user@host" >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
:: or by running this comand locally:
$ gpg --export-ssh-key YOUR_KEY_ID | ssh user@remote 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Restart [[gnupg]] to apply configuration changes:
$ gpgconf --kill gpg-agent;
$ gpgconf --launch gpg-agent;

Test
$ ssh user@remote

: If you never have to use the server's password for the <code>user</code> user, then you succeeded.

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|ssh}}

===[[sort]]===
Sort <code>[[du]]</code> results on human-readable file size of current working directory (non-recursively).
$ du -hd1 ./ | sort -hk1

Sort part of a checksum file while ignoring some initial lines (e.g. a checksum file generated by <code>sumdir</code>). Sorts every line except for the first three lines which it leaves at the top; the output is written to <code>/tmp/0.txt</code>. Uses the <code>-k2</code> (i.e. "key 2") option of <code>sort</code> which says to sort by the file name, not the hash (hash is first whitespace-separated entry, file name is the second).

file=.SUMSHA256--20230126T050458+0000; ( cat "$file" | head -n3; cat "$file" | tail -n+4 | sort -k2; ) > /tmp/0.txt

Sort on the third field of comma-delimited lines
$ printf "1,foo,kobo\n2,bar,kaela\n3,baz,zeta\n" | sort -t',' -k3
2,bar,kaela
1,foo,kobo
3,baz,zeta

Remove duplicate lines without sorted result (preserving first copied unique line). (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/20639730/10850071 ref])
$ myVar="$( printf "gundam\ninuyasha\ngundam\nbleach\ngundam\nnaruto\ngundam\n" )"
$ echo "$myVar" | cat -n | sort -uk2 | sort -n | cut -f2-
gundam
inuyasha
bleach
naruto

: Preserving last unique copied line.
echo "$myVar" | tac | cat -n | sort -uk2 | sort -n | cut -f2- | tac
inuyasha
bleach
naruto
gundam

===[[stdbuf]]===
A [[GNU Coreutils]] program that controls how stdin, stdout, and error data is passed in and out of a program.

Read input from ''stdin'' and pass through output to ''stdout'' without any buffering.<ref name="se_20110619_stdbuf">[[a3nm]]. ([[2011-06-19]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/25378 Turn off buffering in pipe]”. ''Stack Exchange''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref>
$ stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 command

: Example: Continuously filtering [[journalctl]] output to capture <code>apache-access</code> lines while discarding the first 7 space-delimited fields of each line. If ''stdbuf'' is not used in this type of scenario, [[tr]] and [[cut]] may fail to immediately display important lines as they arrive from ''journalctl'', choosing to wait until a buffer is filled before displaying them (defeating the purpose of the <code>--follow</code> option of ''journalctl'').
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
journalctl --all --output=short-iso --since=-7d --follow |\
grep --line-buffered -Eiv " 404 " |\
grep --line-buffered "apache-access" |\
stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tr -s ' ' |\
stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 cut -d' ' -f8- -
</pre>

===[[strace]]===
Read stderr of a backgrounded and disowned process with process ID <code>pid</code>.
$ strace -p "$pid" -e trace=write

===su===
Open a shell as root.
alice@host: sudo su -
root@host: whoami
root

Open a <code>bash</code> shell as another user, e.g. <code>www-data</code>.
alice@host: whoami
alice
alice@host: sudo su - www-data -s /bin/bash
[sudo] password for alice:
www-data@host: whoami
www-data

===sumdir===
A script by [[Christopher Lovejoy]] (used with <code>checkdir</code>). [https://github.com/monking/shell-utilities/blob/main/sumdir Source at GitHub].

Create checksum of files in working directory recursively, excluding files with names: ending in <code>.asc</code> or <code>.ots</code> and files starting with <code>.SUM</code>. Resulting file has pattern: <code>.SUM${digest_name}</code> (e.g. <code>.SUMB2--20230128T013153+0000</code>).
$ sumdir -a sha256 -r -x "*.asc" -x "*.ots" -x ".SUM*"
$ sumdir -a b2 -r -x "*.asc" -x "*.ots" -x ".SUM*"

===swapoff===
''Possibly [[Ubuntu]]-specific''

Temporarily all swap file entries in <code>/etc/fstab</code>.{{bkc|[[2025-01-21]]: Generally, to permanently disable swap, comment out the relevant swap lines in <code>/etc/fstab</code>. }}
$ sudo swapoff -a

===[[tail]]===
Get last 4 lines of a stdin steam.
$ seq 1 10 | tail -n4
7
8
9
10

Get all lines, but start on line 4.
$ seq 1 10 | tail -n+4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Get lines 4 through 6.<ref name="se_20131009_print-lines-tail-head">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/22222/terdon terdon]. ([[2013-10-09]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/94320 Efficient way to print lines from a massive file using awk, sed, or something else?]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2025-04-04]]. </ref> Note: is more efficient than [[#sed|sed]] or [[#awk|awk]] when processing large files.
$ seq 1 10 | tail -n+4 | head -n3
4
5

: Get lines 4 through 6 via variables and Bash arithmetic.
$ start=4; end=6; seq 1 10 | tail -n+${start} | head -n$((end - start + 1))

===[[tar]]===
''See [[File compression notes]].''

Create <code>some_dir.rar</code> out of the contents of the directory <code>some_dir</code>.
$ tar -cf some_dir.rar some_dir

Extract a compressed archive (e.g. <code>.tar.xz</code>) in the current working directory.
$ tar -xf archive.tar.xz

: Extract to a different directory <code>some/path/</code>. (The positioning of <code>-C</code> is important.)
$ tar -xf archive.tar.xz -C some/path/

===tee===
Echo stdout to stderr ([https://stackoverflow.com/a/3142166/10850071 ref]):
$ echo "This is standard error" | tee /dev/stderr | sed 's/error/out/g'
This is standard error
This is standard out

===[[Tesseract (software)|tesseract]]===
Install.
$ sudo apt install tesseract-ocr

===[[top (software)|top]]===
View process, sorted by CPU usage
$ top

Shortcuts<ref name="transip_2024_linux-top-shortcuts">“[https://www.transip.eu/knowledgebase/entry/1979-using-the-top-command-linux/ Using the top command in Linux]”. (n.d.). ''[[transip.eu]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-06]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231127225012/https://www.transip.eu/knowledgebase/entry/1979-using-the-top-command-linux/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-11-27]]. </ref>:
* Arrow keys & page up/down: Navigate through the displayed list in the Task area.
* <code>q</code>: Finish the top with the <code>q</code>-key.
* <code>S-p</code>: Sort the processes by CPU usage.
* <code>S-m</code>: Sort the processes by memory (%MEM) usage.
* <code>S-t</code>: Sort the processes by running-time.
* <code>S-n></code>: Sort the processes by process ID.
* <code>t</code>: Changes the display of the CPU usage in the summary section.
* <code>m</code>: Changes the display of memory usage in the summary section.
* <code>S-r</code>: Sort the processes in ascending order instead of descending (default).
* <code>c</code>: By pressing <code>c</code>, the 'Command' column shows the entire path from which the processes were started.
* <code>S-v</code>: Shows the parent / child process hierarchy.
* <code>k</code>: Prompts for a process ID and closes the specified process. By default, SIGTERM is used for a graceful shutdown of the process. For a forced shutdown, you use SIGKILL.

===[[tr]]===
====Remove unwanted character sets====
Keep only printable characters and spaces from a string.

<pre style="white-space: pre;">
/bin/bash
name="message:おはよう　ございます.";
name_new="$( printf "%s" "$name" | tr -dc '[:graph:][:space:]' )";
printf "%s\n" "$name";
printf "%s\n" "$name_new";
</pre>

: This results in:
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
message:おはよう　ございます.
message:.
</pre>

===[[tree (command)]]===
Recursively list contents of current working directory.
$ tree

: List contents without colorized text.
$ tree | ansi2txt

===unar===
Install on a [[Debian]] system via [[apt]].
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install unar

Decompress a [[rar]] archive.
$ unar archive.rar

===unzip===
''For <code>.rar</code> files, see [[#unar]].''

Unzip to directory <code>foo</code>
$ mkdir foo
$ unzip -d foo archive.zip

Unzip archives containing file names encoded in non-English encodings:
: [[Shift JIS]] [[Japanese]] encoding.<ref name="askubuntu_20170711_unzip-shiftjis">[https://askubuntu.com/users/4066/nicolas-raoul Nicolas Raoul]. ([[2017-07-11]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/935023 How to unzip a Japanese ZIP file, and avoid mojibake/garbled characters]”. ''[[askubuntu.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-04-12]]. </ref>
$ unzip -O shift-jis archive.zip
: [[Simplified Chinese characters]] encoding.
$ unzip -O gb18030 archive.zip # [[GB 18030]] is a superset of [[GBK]]. Try this first.
$ unzip -O gbk archive.zip # [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]] an extension of [[GB 2312]].
$ unzip -O gb2312 archive.zip # [[GB 2312]] deprecated in 2017
: [[Big5]] [[Traditional Chinese characters]] encoding.
$ unzip -O big5 archive.zip

===[[veracrypt]]===
Mount a volume.
$ veracrypt volume.hc

Unmount all volumes.
$ veracrypt -d
: If you get an error message resembling <code>Error: umount: /media/veracrypt1: target is busy</code>, then identify the offending process with [[lsof]]<ref name="so_20111024_unmountbusydev">[[Frank Tudor|Tudor, Frank]]. ([[2011-10-24]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/7878763 How to unmount a busy device [closed]]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-07-25]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181852/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7878707/how-to-unmount-a-busy-device/7878763#7878763 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-20]]. </ref>:
$ lsof | grep '/media/veracrypt1'

Unmount a specific volume.
$ veracrypt -d volume.hc

Create a volume.
$ veracrypt -t -c

==[[wc]]==
Word count. Part of GNU Coreutils 8.32.

Count bytes in a file named <code>foo.txt</code>.
$ wc -c foo.txt
20087

Count the bytes in the file name <code>foo.txt</code> (with an off-by-one error due to Bash adding a trailing newline character).
$ wc -c <<< "foo.txt"
8

Count the bytes in the file name <code>foo.txt</code>.
$ filename="foo.txt"; printf "%s" "$filename" | wc -c
7

===[[wondershaper]]===
Limit bandwidth of network interface <code>eth0</code><ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-01-12]]: Network interfaces and [[DHCP]]-assigned [[IP address]]es can be listed via <code>ifconfig</code>.</ref> to 5000kbps download and 1000kbps upload.
$ wondershaper eth0 5000 1000

Clear [[wondershaper]] limits.
$ wondershaper clear

===[[yt-dlp]]===
''For all options, see [[yt-dlp]] GitHub page [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp here].''

''See example wrapper script [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/107b9c5341a52d03350d698b5ec42e26d810a93c/user/bkytpldl-generic here (<code>bkytpldl-generic</code> v4.1.1)].''

Delay between downloads
$ yt-dlp --sleep-requests 2

Remember downloaded videos to avoid redownload attempts.
$ yt-dlp --download-archive some/path/history.txt "$URL"

Randomize order in which playlist items are downloaded.
$ yt-dlp --playlist-random "$URL"

Handle <code>File name too long</code> error by limiting long fields by byte count.<ref name="ytdlp_2021_long-filename">[[tylerszabo]]. ([[2021-10-01]]). “[https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1136 [Feature request] Handle Long filenames in default template and temporary files #1136]”. ''[[github.com]]'', [[yt-dlp]]. Accessed [[2024-07-25]]. “<code>$ yt-dlp -o '%(title).200B.%(ext)s' '<url>'</code>”. </ref>
$ yt-dlp -o '%(title).140B.%(ext)s' '<url>' # limits title to 140 bytes
$ yt-dlp -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' '<url>' # may fail if title too long

Download lowest quality.<ref name="su_20210806_ytdlp-lowest-quality">[https://superuser.com/users/1052727/sherman Sherman]. ([[2021-08-06]]). “[https://superuser.com/a/1667932/1142336 Download the lowest quality video with youtube-dl]”. ''[[superuser.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-10]]. </ref>
$ yt-dlp -S '+size,+br'

Write automatic subtitles of a [[YouTube]] video to a <code>.vtt</code> file:
$ yt-dlp --write-subs --write-auto-subs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbkUn0o3L1Y

: Parse such a <code>.vtt</code> file in order to extract the text (reading every 8th line with an offset)

<pre style="white-space: pre;">clear; offset=1; cycle=8; n=0; {
while read -r line; do
if [[ ! $((n % cycle)) -eq "$offset" ]]; then
((n++)); continue; fi;
printf "%s\n" "$line";
((n++));
done < Unicode\ and\ Byte\ Order\ \[bbkUn0o3L1Y\].en.vtt;
echo "STATUS:Done." 1>&2;
} | grep -v "^$";
</pre>

===[[xargs]]===
Break up many lines into groups to avoid [[xargs]] limits on argument counts and maximum command lengths.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
bite=100; # group size ADJUST ME
n=1; # initialize loop counter
declare -a buffer; # initialize line group

# Populate and process full groups.
while read -r line; do
buffer+=("$line");
if [[ $(( n % bite )) -eq 0 ]]; then
printf "%s\n" "${buffer[@]}" | xargs echo; # ADJUST ME replace 'echo' with your command
unset buffer;
sleep 1; # throttle
fi;
((n++));
done < <(seq 1 1000); # ADJUST ME replace with command that generates many lines

# Handle final partially filled group.
if [[ "${#buffer[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
printf "%s\n" "${buffer[@]}" | xargs echo; # ADJUST ME replace 'echo' with your command
fi;
</pre>

Convert several lines of [[stdin]] into words. This may be useful if a command needs to perform an operation on all items in a long [[newline-delimited]] [[list]] as [[argument]] [[parameters]] instead of [[standard input]]. The following expressions are equivalent calls of [[ls]] to list the files <code>foo</code>, <code>bar</code>, and <code>baz</code>:
$ printf "foo\nbar\nbaz\n" | xargs -d '\n' ls -alh;
$ ls -alh foo bar baz;
: Note: <code>-d '\n'</code> requires that only [[newlines]] are used to separate (i.e. [[delimiter|delimit]]) arguments. The <code>-d</code> option is necessary in newline-delimited lists because <code>xargs</code> will split lines on [[whitespace characters]] such as the [[space character]]. For example, <code>printf "1 qux\n2 quux\n3 corge\n" | xargs -d '\n' ls -alh;</code> will not apply <code>ls -alh</code> to the three files <code>1 qux</code>, <code>2 quux</code>, and <code>3 corge</code>, but instead will erroneously use six other files <code>1</code>, <code>qux</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>quux</code>, <code>3</code>, and <code>corge</code>.

==History==

{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

{{refsec}}

[[Category:Command line]]

Syncthing

2024-12-10T23:46:04Z

Tsijuzarci: Created page with " '''Syncthing''' is a FOSS file synchronization software package. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }} ==Stats==..."

'''Syncthing''' is a [[FOSS]] [[file synchronization software]] package. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==
* Website: https://syncthing.net

==History==
* [[2014-03-30]]: First [[IA]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140330053706/http://syncthing.net/ snapshot] of the main website https://syncthing.net .
* [[2024-12-03]]: [[Simon Frei]] ([https://github.com/imsodin github]), main developer for [[syncthing-android]] ceased maintenance.<ref name="frei_20241203_syncthing-discontinued">[[Simon Frei]]. ([[2024-12-03]]). “[https://github.com/syncthing/syncthing-android/commit/64d2b8e362d45988dfc21dda3b0b494d7e8bb2c1 syncthing-android]”. ''[[github.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-12-10]]. “This app is discontinued. The last release on Github and F-Droid will happen with the December 2024 Syncthing version. Interactions (issues, PRs) are limited now, and the entire repo will be archived after the last release. Thus all contributions are preserved for any future (re)use. The forum is still open for discussions and questions. I would kindly ask you to refrain from trying to challenge the decision or asking "why-type" questions - I wont engage with them. ¶ The reason is a combination of Google making Play publishing something between hard and impossible and no active maintenance. The app saw no significant development for a long time and without Play releases I do no longer see enough benefit and/or have enough motivation to keep up the ongoing maintenance an app requires even without doing much, if any, changes. ¶Thanks a lot to everyone who ever contributed to this app!”. </ref> The [[F-Droid]] page for [[Syncthing]] recommends [[syncthing-fork]].<ref name="fdroid_2024_syncthing-android-rec">“[https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.nutomic.syncthingandroid/ Syncthing]”.([[2024]]). ''[[f-droid.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-12-10]]. “NOTE: The app has been discontinued and may no loger [sic] get updated after [[2024-12|December 2024]]. The fork [https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.github.catfriend1.syncthingandroid/ com.github.catfriend1.syncthingandroid] is recommended.”. </ref> ([https://github.com/Catfriend1/syncthing-android github])
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}
* [https://syncthing.net Main website]

{{Refsec}}

[[Category:Software]]

Raina Elizabeth Samuel

2024-11-26T17:46:27Z

Tsijuzarci: Created page with " An NJIT alum and professor at Montclair State University. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }} ==Stats== ==Histo..."

An [[NJIT]] alum and professor at [[Montclair State University]]. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==

==History==
* [[2023-05-16]]: Graduated from [[NJIT]] with a [[Ph.D. degree]] in [[Information Systems]] under her advisor [[Iulian Neamtiu]] for her work [[Android Security: Analysis and Applications]].
* [[2023]]: Published paper ''[[Diagnosing Medical Score Calculator Apps]]'' with [[Sydur Rahaman]] under [[Iulian Neamtiu]] for [[NJIT]].<ref name="medicalxpress_20241125_medapp">[[NJIT]]. ([[2024-11-25]]). “[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-11-critical-medical-mobile-apps.html Researchers fix critical mistakes in medical mobile apps]”. ''[[medicalxpress.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-11-26]]. “Computer science professor [[Iulian Neamtiu]], overseeing graduate students [[Sydur Rahaman]] and [[Raina Samuel]] who now work for [[Google]] and [[Montclair State University]], respectively, said they began finding such errors several years ago during wider work on event-based mobile applications.”. </ref><ref name="samuel_2023_medapp">[[Sydur Rahaman]]; [[Raina Samuel]]; [[Iulian Neamtiu]]. ([[2023]]). “[https://doi.org/10.1145/3610912 Diagnosing Medical Score Calculator Apps]”. ''[[Association for Computing Machinery]]'', ''[[Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.]]'', volume 7, number 3, https://doi.org/10.1145/3610912 . </ref>
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

{{Refsec}}

2024-11

2024-11-12T20:13:02Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2024-11-09 */

Journal for [[2024]]-11. Preceded by [[2024-10]]. Followed by [[2024-12]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2024-11-01==
2024-W44-5, 2024-306, Fri

==2024-11-02==
2024-W44-6, 2024-307, Sat

==2024-11-03==
2024-W44-7, 2024-308, Sun

==2024-11-04==
2024-W45-1, 2024-309, Mon

==2024-11-05==
2024-W45-2, 2024-310, Tue

==2024-11-06==
2024-W45-3, 2024-311, Wed

==2024-11-07==
2024-W45-4, 2024-312, Thu

==2024-11-08==
2024-W45-5, 2024-313, Fri

==2024-11-09==
2024-W45-6, 2024-314, Sat

* [[Alexis Weisend]] published a story in ''[[The Columbian]]'' about non-disclosure clauses in housing agreements.<ref name="columbian_20241109_housing-nda">[[Alexis Weisend]]. ([[2024-11-09]]). “[https://www.columbian.com/news/2024/nov/09/its-meant-to-have-a-chilling-effect-nondisclosure-agreements-in-rental-leases-a-concern-in-clark-county/ ‘It’s meant to have a chilling effect’: Nondisclosure agreements in rental leases a concern in Clark County]”. ''[[The Columbian]]''. Accessed [[2024-11-09]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109204207/https://www.columbian.com/news/2024/nov/09/its-meant-to-have-a-chilling-effect-nondisclosure-agreements-in-rental-leases-a-concern-in-clark-county/ Archived] from the original on [[2024-11-09]]. </ref>

==2024-11-10==
2024-W45-7, 2024-315, Sun

==2024-11-11==
2024-W46-1, 2024-316, Mon

==2024-11-12==
2024-W46-2, 2024-317, Tue

==2024-11-13==
2024-W46-3, 2024-318, Wed

==2024-11-14==
2024-W46-4, 2024-319, Thu

==2024-11-15==
2024-W46-5, 2024-320, Fri

==2024-11-16==
2024-W46-6, 2024-321, Sat

==2024-11-17==
2024-W46-7, 2024-322, Sun

==2024-11-18==
2024-W47-1, 2024-323, Mon

==2024-11-19==
2024-W47-2, 2024-324, Tue

==2024-11-20==
2024-W47-3, 2024-325, Wed

==2024-11-21==
2024-W47-4, 2024-326, Thu

==2024-11-22==
2024-W47-5, 2024-327, Fri

==2024-11-23==
2024-W47-6, 2024-328, Sat

==2024-11-24==
2024-W47-7, 2024-329, Sun

==2024-11-25==
2024-W48-1, 2024-330, Mon

==2024-11-26==
2024-W48-2, 2024-331, Tue

==2024-11-27==
2024-W48-3, 2024-332, Wed

==2024-11-28==
2024-W48-4, 2024-333, Thu

==2024-11-29==
2024-W48-5, 2024-334, Fri

==2024-11-30==
2024-W48-6, 2024-335, Sat

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

Alexis Weisend

2024-11-12T20:12:03Z

Tsijuzarci: Created page with " '''Alexis Weisend''' is a journalist for The Columbian newspaper. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }} ==Stats==..."

'''Alexis Weisend''' is a [[journalist]] for [[The Columbian]] newspaper. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==
* Twitter: <code>@weisend_alexis</code>
* Phone: +1 360 735 4536
* Email: <code>alexis.weisend@columbian.com</code>

==History==
* [[2024-11-09]]: [[Alexis Weisend]] published a story on [[non-disclosure agreements]] in housing agreements.<ref name="columbian_20241109_housing-nda">[[Alexis Weisend]]. ([[2024-11-09]]). “[https://www.columbian.com/news/2024/nov/09/its-meant-to-have-a-chilling-effect-nondisclosure-agreements-in-rental-leases-a-concern-in-clark-county/ ‘It’s meant to have a chilling effect’: Nondisclosure agreements in rental leases a concern in Clark County]”. ''[[The Columbian]]''. Accessed [[2024-11-09]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109204207/https://www.columbian.com/news/2024/nov/09/its-meant-to-have-a-chilling-effect-nondisclosure-agreements-in-rental-leases-a-concern-in-clark-county/ Archived] from the original on [[2024-11-09]]. </ref>
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}
* [https://www.columbian.com/author/aweisend/ ''The Columbian'' page]

{{Refsec}}

Baltakatei's Useful CLI Commands

2024-11-10T20:00:18Z

Tsijuzarci:

These are mostly [[Debian]] GNU/Linux command line interface commands. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==

==Commands==
===Linux kernel stuff===
Flush cache.<ref>[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/542349/pavan pavan]. ([[2022-09-22]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/718217 Setting /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches to clear cache]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-09-11]]. </ref>
$ sudo sh -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"

===[[ansi2txt]]===
Part of the [[colorized-logs]] [[Debian]] package.

Remove color codes from text.<ref>https://stackoverflow.com/a/67316339/10850071</ref>
$ ansi2txt < ./input.txt > ./output.txt

===apt===
Check which packages depend on package <code>package-name</code>.<ref name="askubuntu_20181126_rdepends">[[Corrado Topi]]. ([[2018-11-26]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/1096318 How to list dependent packages (reverse dependencies)?]”. ''askubuntu.com''. Accessed [[2023-07-04]]. </ref>
$ apt rdepends package-name

Install upgrades without prompts<ref>https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/314281/411854</ref>
$ sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt upgrade -y

===base64===
Calculate [[MD5]] [[checksum]] of a binary file.<ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-01-12]]: Note, <code>md5</code> may be replaced with <code>sha256</code> to get a [[SHA-256]] digest.</ref>
$ openssl md5 -binary foo.txt | base64 # with [[openssl]] and [[base64]]
$ md5sum --binary foo.txt | cut -d' ' -f1 | xxd -r -p | base64 # with [[md5sum]], [[xxd]] and [[base64]]<ref name="se_20101101_base64-xxd">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/1946/alex alex] ([[2010-11-01]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/3678/ How can I get a base64 encoded shaX on the cli?]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-11]]. </ref>

===bash===
[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html Manual].

Check if <code>$stringA</code> comes alphabetically before <code>$stringB</code> using current locale.
$ if [[ "$stringA" < "$stringB" ]]; then echo true; else echo false; fi;

Search <code>find</code> results with <code>grep</code> using the exit code from a statement evaluated by the built-in <code>if</code>.
$ mkdir a;
$ touch ./a/foo.txt
$ touch ./a/bar.txt
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep 'foo')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found:
./a/foo.txt
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep 'baz')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found nothing.
$ if results="$(find . -type f | grep '.txt$')"; then printf "Found:\n%s\n" "$results"; else printf "Found nothing.\n"; fi;
Found:
./a/bar.txt
./a/foo.txt

Use modulo integer math to print the integers between 0 and 100 that are divisible by 5.
#!/bin/bash
for ((i=0; i<=100; i++)); do
if [ $((i % 5)) -eq 0 ]; then
echo $i
fi
done

Count the number of occurrences of a single ASCII character (e.g. <code>,</code>) (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/16679640 ref])
#!/bin/bash
var="text,text,text,text"
res="${var//[^,]}"
echo "$res"
echo "${#res}"

====Quotation rules====
How to insert a single apostrophe into an already single-apostrophe-quoted string.
$ echo "You can't do it easily" | sed -E -e 's/can'\''t/can/' # sed example
You can do it easily.

====Bash input/output====
Provide string to a command via stdin. The following are equivalent.
$ echo "666" | sed 's/6/7/g'; # Uses pipe format.
777
$ myVar="666"; sed 's/6/7/g <<< "$myVar"; # Uses “here string” format.<ref>See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Here-Strings .</ref>
777

Supply the first line of a text file as an argument.
$ fpass=/dev/shm/password.txt; # create file
$ touch "$fpass" && chmod 700 "$fpass"; # set to user-only permission
$ echo "hunter2" > "$fpass"; # save password to file
$ echo "$(head -n1 "$fpass")"; # read contents of file as argument

====Bash job management====
''See https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/bash/manual/bash.html#Job-Control ''

Push job into background.
^Z # (i.e. Ctrl-Z)
[1]+ Stopped git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a

Get a list of current background jobs
$ jobs
[1]+ Stopped git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a

Restart a job (e.g. one with <code>jobspec</code> 1) in the background and check that it is running.
$ bg 1
[1]+ git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a &
$ jobs
[1]+ Running git tag --sign 2023-04-15 -m "SignStamp state" 6e31b1a &

Detach a job (e.g. one with <code>jobspec</code> 1) from the current shell to permit safe exit without terminating the job.
$ disown %1

====Bash string manipulation====
''See [https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html Manipulating Strings].''

Replace substring in variable.<ref name="cooper_20140310_bash-strings">[[Mendel Cooper]]. ([[2014-03-10]]). “[https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: 10. Manipulating Strings]”. ''[[tldp.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-12]]. </ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ myVar="foobarbaz";
$ echo "${myVar/bar/qux}";
fooquxbaz
</pre>

Get first 7 characters of a string.
$ myVar="deadbeef";
$ echo "${myVar:0:7}"
deadbee

Get last 4 characters of a string.
$ myVar="deadbeef";
$ echo "${myVar:(-4)}";
beef

Lowercase characters in a variable
$ myVar="fooBARbaz";
$ echo "${myVar,,}";
foobarbaz

===[[bc]]===
Evaluate math expressions
$ echo "scale=12; 1 / 1.61803398875" | bc -l # division with 12 decimal places
.618033988749
$ echo "scale=6; l(2.718281)" | bc -l # logarithm with only 6 decimal places
.999999

==brew==
[[Homebrew (package manager)|Homebrew]] is a package manager for [[macOS]].

Install via script and [[curl]] (simple, but sketchy method available at https://brew.sh ):
$ /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Update packages
$ brew update

Get info on a package
$ brew info coreutils

Install a package
$ brew install coreutils

Test package commands
$ gdate -Is # Equivalent to Debian 12 `$ date -Is`.
2024-10-08T20:03:18+00:00

===chmod===
References:
* https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/it-ops/linux-file-permissions
* https://linuxconfig.org/chmod

Remove read, write, and execute permissions for ''others'' to a file or directory named <code>foo</code>.
# chmod o-rwx foo

Add read and execute permissions for ''group'' to a file or directory named <code>foo</code>.
# chmod g+rx foo

Make all ''directories'' openable (i.e. executable) by ''user'' starting at a directory named <code>bar</code>.
# find ./bar -type d -exec chmod u+x \;

Make all ''files'' non-executable by everyone within a directory named <code>bar</code>.
# find ./bar -type f -exec chmod ugo-x \;
# find ./bar -type f -exec chmod -x \;

Make a file named <code>foo</code> executable for ''user'', ''group'', and ''others'' (i.e. everyone).
# chown +x foo

===choom===
Get OOM score for process with PID <code>1</code>
$ choom --pid 1

List the bottom 50 processes in the OOM priority list (during low memory, the bottom is killed first).
$ printf "pid,ooms,name\n"; while read -r line; do pid="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f2)"; name="$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f11-)"; ooms="$(choom -p "$pid" | grep -Eo "[0-9]+$" | head -n1)"; printf "%9d,%4d,%s\n" "$pid" "$ooms" "$name"; done < <(ps aux | tr -s ' ' | tail -n+2) | sort -k2 | tail -n50

===chown===
Change ownership of a file or directory named <code>baz</code> to ''user'' <code>debuser</code> and ''group'' <code>debuser</code>.
# chown debuser:debuser baz

Change ownership of all files and directories contained within the directory named <code>foo</code> to ''user'' <code>debuser</code> and ''group'' <code>debuser</code>.
root@h: chown -R debuser:debuser foo

===[[chrony]]===
The following commands assume the package [[chrony]] is installed.

Get a list of NTP refclocks being used to adjust local time:
$ chronyc sources

Get current machine's statistics (e.g. get Frequency or how slow or fast local clock is)
$ chronyc tracking

===convert===
''See [[#ImageMagick]]''

===[[cron|crontab]]===
Edit crontab.
$ crontab -e

Print crontab to stdout:
$ crontab -l

Erase crontab (DON'T DO UNLESS YOU HAVE A BACKUP OF THE CRONTAB):
$ crontab -r

Print to stdout the <code>crontab</code> of user <code>www-data</code> via user <code>root</code> ([https://askubuntu.com/questions/189189/how-to-run-crontab-as-userwww-data ref]):
$ sudo su - www-data -s /bin/bash -c "crontab -l"

===cryptsetup===
====Get details on a volume encrypted with LUKS====

$ cryptsetup status /dev/mapper/$some_volume

where <code>$some_volume</code> is the name of an encrypted volume. [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/260533/how-to-determine-what-encryption-is-being-used-a-luks-partition Reference].

===[[date]]===
''Note: Assumes GNU date.''

Print today's calendar date in [[ISO 8601]] format
$ date -I
$ date -Id
$ date +%Y-%m-%d

Print current date and time in [[ISO 8601]] format to second resolution.
$ date -Is # e.g. 2024-02-01T05:44:58+00:00
$ date +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%:z # e.g. 2024-02-01T05:44:58+00:00

Print current date and time in [[ISO 8601]] format to second resolution with minimal separators. (e.g. for file name use)
$ date +%Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z # e.g. 20240201T054458+00

Print current UNIX epoch. (i.e. integer seconds since [[1970-01-01]].)
$ date +%s

Print all calendar dates for the next 365 days. (e.g. <code>2024-02-01\n2024-02-02\n2024-02-03\n…</code>)
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
today="$(date +%s)"; n=0; for dia in {0..365}; do
day="$((today + dia * (24*60*60) ))";
date --date="@$day" "+%Y-%m-%d";
done;
</pre>

===dd===
Read every block of a block device <code>/dev/sdb</code> in 4 KiB increments.
$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/random bs=4k

Create a 10 MiB file containing [[pseudorandom noise]] using 2 MiB of [[Random access memory|RAM]] at a time.<ref name="su_20120906_ddrandfile">[[u1686_grawity]]. ([[2012-09-06]]). “[https://superuser.com/a/470957/1142336 How do I create a 1GB random file in Linux?]”. ''superuser.com''. Accessed [[2023-07-01]].</ref>
$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=sample.txt bs=2M count=5

===dig===
Get public IP address<ref name="cyberciti_20230311_getpublicip">[[Vivek Gite|Gite, Vivek]]. ([[2023-03-11]]). “[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-find-my-public-ip-address-from-command-line-on-a-linux/ How To Find My Public IP Address From Linux CLI]”. ''cyberciti.biz''. Accessed [[2023-05-08]].</ref>:
$ dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
$ dig +short txt ch whoami.cloudflare @1.0.0.1
$ dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com

===[[dpkg]]===
List available [[kernel]]s.
$ dpkg --list | grep -- linux-image

Check which package owns a file.
$ dpkg -S /etc/systemd/logind.conf # by file path
$ dpkg -S "$(which zdump)" # by command name, e.g. `zdump`

===dpkg-reconfigure===
Add a [[locale]] in [[Debian]]-based systems that use [[dpkg]].
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
: Navigate menus to select the local. Recommended: locales ending in <code>.UTF-8</code> (e.g. <code>C.UTF-8</code> (compatibility), <code>en_US.UTF-8</code> ([[English language|English]] of United States), <code>zh_CN.UTF-8</code> ([[Chinese language|Chinese]] of mainland China), <code>id_ID.UTF-8</code> ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] of [[Indonesia]]), <code>ja_JP.UTF-8</code> ([[Japanese language|Japanese]] of [[Japan]]), <code>ko_KR.UTF-8</code> ([[Korean language|Korean]] of [[South Korea]]).

===[[dstat]]===
''Consider using [[dool]] ([https://github.com/scottchiefbaker/dool GitHub])''

Show system stats, averaged every 60 seconds per line
dstat --time --load --proc --cpu --mem --disk --io --net --sys --vm 60

===[[emacs]]===
''See [[Emacs notes]]''

===[[exiftool]]===
''Note: Consider using [[BK-2020-03]]<code>bkphotorights</code> script to add XMP data with Creative Commons attribution data.''

List all EXIF data, including XMP tags.
$ exiftool file.jpg

Remove all EXIF data from photograph files
$ exiftool -all= file.jpg

Remove only GPS EXIF data from JPG (see https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?topic=6037.0 )
$ exiftool -gps:all= file.jpg

remove only GPS EXIF data from JPG If GPS is in XMP:
$ exiftool "-gps*=" file.jpg

Rotate image via EXIF tag<ref name="exiftool_20161218_rotate">Alan Clifford. ([[2016-12-18]]). “[https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=57842c30da5ac949b63ec7325448da35&msg=40314 Writing to the EXIF:Orientation Tag]”. ''[[exiftool.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-07-13]]. </ref>:
$ exiftool -Orientation#=1 file.jpg # Horizontal (normal)
$ exiftool -Orientation#=2 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal
$ exiftool -Orientation#=3 file.jpg # Rotate 180
$ exiftool -Orientation#=4 file.jpg # Mirror vertical
$ exiftool -Orientation#=5 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal and rotate 270 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=6 file.jpg # Rotate 90 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=7 file.jpg # Mirror horizontal and rotate 90 CW
$ exiftool -Orientation#=8 file.jpg # Rotate 270 CW

===[[f3]]===
'''Fight Fake Flash''' (F3) is a utility for detecting fake flash storage drives.<ref name="debian_2023_fightfakeflash">“[https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/f3 f3 - test real flash memory capacity]”. ([[2023]]). ''[[tracker.debian.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-11-10]]. </ref>

Install
$ sudo apt install f3

Run on drive mounted at <code>/media/baltakatei/myusb</code>
$ f3write /media/baltakatei/myusb

Verify
$ f3read /media/baltakatei/myusb

===[[ffmpeg]]===
Encode [[h264]] video for compatibility with [[Firefox]].
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 18 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 # higher quality
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset veryslow -crf 26 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 # smaller size

Extract clip with time codes.
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a aac -b:a 128k -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 60 -t 120 -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4

Extract frame of video to save as [[PNG]] file (e.g. the first frame).
$ ffmpeg -i input.webm -ss 00:00:00 -frames:v 1 output.png

Extract album artwork from one of the original audiobook mp3 files. (''see [[Audiobook transcoding notes]].'')
$ ffmpeg -i How\ To\ -\ Track\ 001.mp3 -an -vcodec copy album_artwork.png

====Quality of life====
Hide verbose configuration banner. (e.g. `built with gcc 11… configuration: --prefix=/usr…`)
$ ffmpeg -hide_banner

====Encode video====
Encode video using [[VP9]] codec with 2 passes and tile-based multithreading.<ref name="ffmpeg_2024_vp9-encoding">“[https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/VP9 FFmpeg and VP9 Encoding Guide]”. ([[2024-01]]). ''[[ffmpeg.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-05-23]]. </ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
fin=input.mkv;
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$fin" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -row-mt 1 -b:v 0 -crf 18 -pass 1 -f null /dev/null && \
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$fin" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -row-mt 1 -b:v 0 -crf 18 -pass 2 "${fin%.mkv}.webm"
</pre>

Specify a constant rate factor (CRF)
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a copy output.mp4

Clip a video at CRF 18 and encode audio to [[OPUS]].
$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:00.000 -to 00:03:00.000 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 18 -c:a libopus -b:a 128k -avoid_negative_ts 1 output.mp4

Process multiple videos in a [[Bash]] while loop. (Avoid [[stdin]] conflict with <code>-nostdin</code> option)<ref name="bashfaq_20221030_089stdin">“[https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/089 BashFAQ/089 I'm reading a file line by line and running ssh or ffmpeg, only the first line gets processed!]”. ([[2022-10-30]]). ''mywiki.wooledge.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-29]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230723080923/https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/089 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-23]]. </ref><ref name="se_20220922_bashvarffmpeg">[[roaima]]. ([[2022-09-22]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/718279 Bash variable truncated when passed into ffmpeg]”. ''[[unix.stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-07-29]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230729161626/https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/718277/bash-variable-truncated-when-passed-into-ffmpeg/718279#718279 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-29]].</ref>

while IFS= read -r file; do
ffmpeg -nostdin -i "$file" -c:v libx264 -c:a aac "${file%.avi}".mkv
done < <(find . -name '*.avi')

=====Apply video filters=====
Create a 1-minute 60 fps time lapse video from 3 hours of 30 fps input.
: From videos, create a file list then run <code>ffmpeg</code> on the list.
$ for f in ./*.MP4; do echo "file '$PWD/$f'" >> filelist.txt; done

: Create the 60 fps (<code>-r 60</code>) timelapse of 3 hours reduced into 1 minute. The <code>setpts</code> factor is equal to <code>(duration out)/(duration in)*(fps out)/(fps in)</code>. So, <code>(1*60)/(3*60*60)*(60/30) ≈ 0.01111</code>)
$ ffmpeg -nostdin -f concat -safe 0 -i filelist.txt -vf "setpts=0.01111*PTS" -an -r 60 output_timelapse.mp4

Apply a temporal median filter across a radius of 10 frames.<ref name="ffmpeg_2024_filter-tmedian">“[https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#tmedian 11.259 tmedian]”. (n.d.). ''[[ffmpeg.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-09-04]]. </ref>
$ ffmpeg -f -i input.mp4 -vf "tmedian=radius=10:planes=15:percentile=0.5" -an output.mp4

Apply both a time lapse and a temporal median filter for several <code>.[[MP4]]</code> files.
$ for f in ./*.MP4; do echo "file '$PWD/$f'" >> filelist.txt; done;
$ ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i filelist.txt -vf "setpts=0.01111*PTS, tmedian=radius=10:planes=15:percentile=0.5" -an -r 60 -crf 30 output_timelapse_crf30_median.mp4

====Split a video file into roughly equal segments====
Reference: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/212518/411854

$ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy -map 0 -segment_time 00:20:00 -f segment -reset_timestamps 1 output%03d.mp4

====Combine video files into a single file====
Reference: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate

# this is a comment of the file named mylist.txt
file '/path/to/file1.wav'
file '/path/to/file2.wav'
file '/path/to/file3.wav'

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy output.wav

====Add subtitles to a video file====
Add multiple [[ASS]] subtitle files to a single [[MP4]] video file.<ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-03-01]]: See [[ffmpeg]]ʼs [https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Map <code>map</code>] option. Order is important.</ref>
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.en-US.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.es-US.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.id.ass \
-sub_charenc 'UTF-8' -f ass -i input.ja.ass \
-map 0:v -map 0:a \
-map 1 -map 2 -map 3 -map 4 \
-metadata:s:s:0 language=eng \
-metadata:s:s:1 language=spa \
-metadata:s:s:2 language=ind \
-metadata:s:s:3 language=jpn \
-c copy \
-c:s ass output.mkv
</pre>

===[[ffprobe]]===
Get audio duration in seconds as a decimal number.<ref name="so_20110604_duration-audio-file">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/200265/louise louise]. ([[2011-06-04]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/22243834/10850071 How to extract duration time from ffmpeg output?]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-10]]. </ref>
$ ffprobe -i "$file" -show_entries format=duration -v quiet -of csv="p=0";

: Get audio duration in seconds of all <code>.flac</code> files in the working directory with [[bc]].
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
dur="0.0"; while read -r line; do
line_dur="$(ffprobe -i "$line" -show_entries format=duration -v quiet -of csv="p=0")";
dur="$(echo "$dur + $line_dur" | bc -l)";
done < <(find . -type f -name "*.flac");
echo "$dur";
</pre>

Get chapter times.<ref name="se_20190425_ffmpeg-chapters">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/349887/nemo Nemo]. ([[2019-04-25]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/515371 Using ffmpeg to split an Audible audio-book into chapters?]”. ''[[stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-20]]. </ref><ref group=fn>{{bk}}: See <code>[[BK-2020-03]]:user/mw_get_audiobook_chapters.sh</code>. </ref>
$ ffprobe -i "$file" -print_format json -show_chapters -sexagesimal

===[[find]]===
Outputs newline-delimited (default) list of paths of files or directories matching specified filters.

List all files recursively
$ find . -type f

List all directories recursively
$ find . -type d

Search <code>$HOME</code> for files ending in <code>.jpg</code> or <code>.JPG</code>.
$ find $HOME/ -type f -iname "*.jpg"

Get file sizes, via [[du]], of all files recursively
$ find . -type f -exec du -b '{}' \;

List all files and directories within one level of subdirectories
$ find . -maxdepth 1

List all files and directories precisely 4 subdirectories deep
$ find . -mindepth 4 -maxdepth 4

List all files recursively, following symlinks up to a maximum depth of 10 subdirectories deep
$ find -L . -maxdepth 10 -type f

List all files and directories starting with a <code>.</code> (i.e. list all dotfiles and dotdirs)
$ find . -name ".*"

List all files and directories starting with a <code>.</code>
$ find . ! -name ".*"

List all files recursively except those ending in either <code>.ots</code> or <code>.ots.bak</code>
$ find . -type f ! $ -name "*.ots" -or -name "*.ots.bak" $

Find files of a minimum size. (e.g. greater than but not equal to 1 MiB)
$ find . -type f -size +$((1024 * 1024))c # calc MiB
$ find . -type f -size +$((1024 ** 2))c # calc MiB
$ find . -type f -size +1048576c # use bytes
$ find . -type f -size +1M # do not use due to rounding issues

Find files of a maximum size. (e.g. less than but not equal to 1 MiB)
$ find . -type f -size -1048576c # use -1048576c instead of -1M due to rounding issues

Find files older than a certain date (e.g. <code>2024-01-01</code>)
$ find /path/to/search -not -newermt 2024-01-01

List files sorted by modification date
$ find /path/to/directory -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | sort -n | cut -d' ' -f2-

===[[gcc]]===
The GNU C Compiler

Compile C-code specified in the command line.<ref name="se_20141024_gccbashprocsub">[https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/14034/celada Celada]. ([[2014-10-24]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/164109/411854 Why does BASH process substitution not work with some commands?]”. Accessed [[2023-07-14]]. </ref>
$ gcc -x c <(echo 'int main(){return 0;}')
$ echo 'int main(){return 0;}' | gcc -x c -
$ gcc -x c -o hello <(echo -e "#include <stdio.h>\n main()\n{\nprintf(\"hello, \");\nprintf(\"world\");\nprintf(\"\\\n\");\n}")

===[[git]]===
{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|git}}

See recent checkout, commit, or other operations by commit reference. (e.g. to find a commit lost because it was on a detached HEAD).
$ git reflog

To automatically sign merges (not default).
$ git config merge.gpgsign true
$ git -c merge.gpgsign='true' pull

See remotes.
$ git remote -v

Rename a remote. ([https://support.beanstalkapp.com/article/16-how-do-i-rename-an-existing-git-remote ref])
$ git remote rename beanstalk origin

Export a git bundle (repository backup)
$ git bundle create filename.bundle --all

Trace git operations (especially those involving <code>gpg</code> signing operations). ([https://gist.github.com/paolocarrasco/18ca8fe6e63490ae1be23e84a7039374 ref])
$ GIT_TRACE=1 git commit

Get current commit, short git log entry, and ISO-8601 date
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=iso
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=format:"%Y-%m-%d" #shorter date

Delete a local branch named `develop` (assuming `develop` is not checked out).
$ git branch -d develop

Untrack but don't remove committed file. ([https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12481639/remove-files-from-git-commit#comment28735458_12481977 Ref/attrib]; useful if you tracked something that shouldn't be tracked like <code>repo.git/config</code>)
$ git rm --cached path/to/committed/file

Pull branch <code>develop</code> from remote <code>origin</code> to unchecked out local branch <code>develop</code> without altering working tree (useful if worktree files are being used by something else).
$ git pull origin develop:develop

Set single configuration parameters for the duration of a single command.
: Disable checking [[GPG]] signatures when running </code>$ git log</code>. (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/19841177 ref])
$ git -c log.showSignature='false' log

: Commit and/or tag with <code>ots --wait</code> option.
$ pathOtsWait="/home/debuser/.local/share/ots/ots-git-gpg-wrapper-wait.sh";
$ git -c gpg.program="$pathOtsWait" commit -S
$ git -c gpg.program="$pathOtsWait" tag --sign "some_tag_name" main

Set a remote branch `origin/develop` as the upstream branch for a local branch named `develop`.<ref name="git_20190816_gitbranch">“[https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch/2.23.0 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches]”. ([[2019-08-16]]). ''git-scm.com''. Accessed [[2023-04-20]].</ref>
$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/develop develop

Get current commit, short git log entry, and ISO-8601 date
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=iso
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%h %s %cd" --date=format:"%Y-%m-%d" #shorter date

Delete a local branch named `develop` (assuming `develop` is not checked out).
$ git branch -d develop

Untrack but don't remove committed file. ([https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12481639/remove-files-from-git-commit#comment28735458_12481977 Ref/attrib]; useful if you tracked something that shouldn't be tracked like <code>repo.git/config</code>)
$ git rm --cached path/to/committed/file

Pull branch <code>develop</code> from remote <code>origin</code> to unchecked out local branch <code>develop</code> without altering working tree (useful if worktree files are being used by something else).
$ git pull origin develop:develop

Set a remote branch `origin/develop` as the upstream branch for a local branch named `develop`.<ref name="git_20190816_gitbranch">“[https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch/2.23.0 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches]”. ([[2019-08-16]]). ''git-scm.com''. Accessed [[2023-04-20]].</ref>
$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/develop develop

Disable git credential helper for a single command.<ref name="so_20170517_gitdisablecredhelp">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/6309/vonc VonC]. ([[2017-05-17]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/44033298 How do I disable git's credential helper for a single repository?]”. ''[[Stack Overflow]]''. Accessed [[2023-08-02]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230802203919/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13198143/how-do-i-disable-gits-credential-helper-for-a-single-repository/44033298 Archived] from the original on [[2023-08-02]]. </ref>
$ git -c credential.helper= pull origin refs/heads/master

===[[gpg]]===
''See also [[GnuPG]]''

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|gpg}}

Use a temporary keyring
$ gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /dev/shm/temp-keyring.kbx

Refresh keys
$ gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --receive-keys deadbeef deadbeef
$ gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --receive-keys deadbeef deadbeef

===grep===
Search for a process named “<code>bash</code>” with <code>ps aux</code> and <code>grep bash</code> but exclude matches of “<code>grep bash</code>" itself.
$ ps aux | grep "bas[h]"

Ignore binary matches with <code>-I</code> option.
$ grep "a" largeProgram.exe && echo "Match found." || echo "No match found."
grep: get_put_char: binary file matches
Match found.
$ grep -I "a" largeProgram.exe && echo "Match found." || echo "No match found."
No match found.

Use [[find]] with [[parallel]] to recursively search a file tree for text matches.
$ find . -type f -name "*.tsv" | parallel grep -iHIC3 --color=always -e 'mexico' '{}'
: <code>-name "*.tsv"</code>: Search only files with names ending in <code>.tsv</code>.
: <code>-i</code>: Ignore character capitalization.
: <code>-H</code>: Print name of file containing match.
: <code>-C3</code>: Show 3 lines before and after match.
: <code>-I</code>: Do not search binary files.
: <code>-e 'mexico'</code>: Search for lines containing the string <code>mexico</code>
: <code>'{}'</code>: Filename word placeholder for [[parallel]].

===[[gs]]===
See also [[Ghostscript]].

Remove raster images from a PDF.<ref name="so_20160616_removepdfraster">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/359307/kurt-pfeifle Kurt Pfeifle]. ([[2016-06-16]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/37858893 ]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-10-28]]. </ref>
$ gs -o noimages.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERIMAGE input.pdf

====[[Regular Expressions]]====

Show lines that match pattern.
$ grep 'some pattern' -- file.txt

Show lines that don't match pattern.
$ grep -v 'some pattern' -- file.txt

Match integers of a range of numbers of digits (e.g. 2 to 3)
$ myVar="$(printf "S2 E3\nS57 E11\nS131 E51\nS7212 E3\n")"
$ echo "$myVar"
S2 E3
S57 E11
S131 E51
S7212 E3
$ echo "$myVar" | grep -E "S[0-9]{2,3} "
S57 E11
S131 E51

Match http URLs in a text file (see [https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/181258 ref])
$ cat input.txt | grep -Eo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_%:-]*" | sort -u

===[[gunzip]]===
See [[{{PAGENAME}}#gzip|#gzip]].

===[[gzip]]===
Transform a <code>sql.gz</code> archive into a <code>sql.xz</code> archive.
$ gunzip -c archivo.sql.gz | xz -z - > archivo.sql.xz

===[[iftop]]===
Show data traffic (i.e. [[bandwidth]] usage) on network interface <code>eth0</code>. Note: consider using in tandem with [[nethogs]].
$ sudo iftop -i eth0

===[[iotop]]===
Show disk write rates for a given process by PID.
$ iotop -p PID

List accumulative (<code>-a</code>) disk read/write rates for all <code>tar</code> and <code>xz</code> processes via process PIDs (<code>-p</code>), updating every 10 seconds (<code>-d10</code>).
$ sudo iotop -ad10 $(pgrep "tar|xz" | xargs -I "{}" echo -n "-p {} ")

===[[ip]]===
Show available network interfaces.
$ ip link show

===[[ImageMagick]]===
Convert a [[PNG]] file into a [[JPEG]] at 90% quality.
$ convert input.png -quality 90 output.jpg

Convert a [[GIF]] into a set of frames (Note: May fail with some optimized GIF formats)
$ convert Year_2038_problem.gif output%02d.gif

===[[jdupes]]===
List duplicates in DIR greater than or equal to 100MB.
$ jdupes -X size+=:100MB DIR -r

List duplicates within DIR1 (not following subdirectories) and within DIR2 (following subdirectories)
$ jdupes -X size+=:100MB DIR1 -R DIR2

List duplicates within DIR1, DIR2, and DIR3 recursively, listing duplicates of DIR1 first
$ jdupes -r -O DIR1 DIR2 DIR3

===[[journalctl]]===
Show previous 1 hour of logs:
$ journalctl --utc --all --output=short-iso --since=-1h

Show logs since <code>2023-01-10T09:15</code> and before <code>2023-01-10T13:00</code>:
$ journalctl --utc --all --output=short-iso --since=\"2023-01-10 09:15\" --until=\"2023-01-10 13:00\"

===[[less]]===
Display file as scrollable buffer..
$ less file.txt

Display file and display live updates.
$ less +F file.txt

Display file while truncating display of long lines.
$ less -S file.txt

Display file while interpreting [[ANSI]] color codes (e.g. <code>$ jq -C '.' file.json | less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS</code>)
$ less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS

===[[ls]]===
Note: assumes <code>ls</code> from GNU Coreutils 8.32

List all files, sorted by [[ISO-8601]]-style date.
$ ls -alh --time-style=long-iso | sort -k6,7
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 88K 2005-08-19 19:18 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 930K 2010-07-28 02:01 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 2.4M 2016-05-18 14:52 file3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 baltakatei baltakatei 7.2K 2021-05-11 15:29 file4

===[[lsof]]===
Display all files opened by a process by a single PID.<ref name="tecmint_20230714_lsof-examples" />
$ lsof -p PID

Display all files opened by a process by name (e.g. [[xz]])<ref name="tecmint_20230714_lsof-examples">[[Narad Shrestha]]. ([[2023-07-14]]). “[https://www.tecmint.com/10-lsof-command-examples-in-linux/ How to Use ‘lsof’ Command to Check Open Files in Linux]”. ''[[tecmint.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-05]]. </ref>
$ while read -r line; do lsof -p "$line"; printf "\n"; done < <(pgrep xz)

===[[mail]]===
Reference: https://devanswers.co/you-have-mail-how-to-read-mail-in-ubuntu/

Commands:
$ mail # start mail
& h$ # list latest messages<ref name="johnkerl_19970428_unix-mail">[[John Kerl]] ([[1997-04-28]]). “[https://www.johnkerl.org/doc/mail-how-to.html How to use the Unix command-line mail tool]”. ''[[johnkerl.org]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-05]]. </ref>
& 5 # read message 5
& d 1 # delete message 1
& q # quit mail

Send mail to self:
$ mail -s "I'm in your base" -- "$(whoami)" < <(printf "Killing your dudes.\n")

Delete all mail<ref name="so_20121117_deletemail">[[timaschew]]. ([[2012-11-17]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/13430307 How do I purge a linux mail box with huge number of emails? [closed]]”. ''Stack Overflow''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref>:
$ mail -N
& d *
& quit

===[[make]]===
''See [[GNU Make]]''

Compile source code according to a file named <code>Makefile</code>
$ make

Note, even with [[GNU make]], column 1 indentations REQUIRE a tab (i.e. `\t`), not a space (`\s`).<ref name="se_20210701_maketabs">[https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/79/stephen-kitt Stephen Kitt]. ([[2021-07-01]]). “[https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/a/20293 Why does make only accept tab-indentation?]” ''Stack Exchange''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528004825/https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/20292/why-does-make-only-accept-tab-indentation Archived] from the original on [[2023-05-28]].
</ref>

Compile multiple source code files with a single `make all` command.<ref name="so_20110510_makemultiplefiles">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/714501/cnicutar cnicutar]. ([[2011-05-10]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/5950445/10850071 Makefile to compile multiple C programs?]”. ''Stack Overflow''. Accessed [[2023-07-13]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714044550/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5950395/makefile-to-compile-multiple-c-programs/5950445 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-14]].</ref> `Makefile` contents:

all: program1 program2

program1: program1.c
gcc -o program1 program1.c

program2: program2.c
gcc -o program2 program2.c

===[[mdadm]]===
Software [[RAID]] manager.

Check status of RAID device <code>/dev/md0</code>.<ref name="se_20120108_mmdadmcheck">[[Gilles]]. ([[2012-01-08]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/28642/411854 How to check 'mdadm' RAIDs while running?]”. Accessed [[2023-03-26]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925044124/http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28636/how-to-check-mdadm-raids-while-running/28642#28642 Archived] from the original on [[2015-09-25]].</ref>
$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Check status of all RAID devices.<ref name="se_20120108_mmdadmcheck" />
$ sudo cat /proc/mdstat

===mimetype===
Get file mimetype
$ cat file.jpg | mimetype --stdin

===[[mpv]]===
Use newline-delimited stdin list of file paths as playlist.
$ find ~/Music/ -type f | mpv --playlist=-

Enable shuffle
$ mpv --shuffle

Settings for fast playback (e.g. 2x){{bkc|[[2024-08-11]]: This option may cause issues with playback of some [[FLAC]] files.}}
$ mpv --af=scaletempo=stride=15:overlap=1:search=15'

Play video with subtitle file
$ mpv --embed-subs="$filepath" video.mp4

===[[neofetch]]===
Show system information without art
$ neofetch --off

===[[nethogs]]===
Show data traffic (i.e. [[bandwidth]] usage) by process on network interface <code>eth0</code>.
$ sudo nethogs eth0

: Toggle between data rates and total data amounts with `m`.

===[[notify-send]]===
Note (Debian): Installed via the [[libnotify-bin]] package.

Create a system notification:
$ notify-send "title" "body"

===[[openbox]]===
A window manager for [[LxQt]] and [[Lubuntu]].

Reload configuration files.{{bkc|[[2024-08-21]]: Such as those kept at <code>/usr/share/themes/Mikachu/openbox-3/themerc</code>. }}<ref name="askubuntu_20161006_openbox-window-resize-grab-area">[https://askubuntu.com/users/248158/dk-bose DK Bose]. ([[2016-10-06]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/834022 Size of grab area for resizing window in lubuntu]”. Accessed [[2024-08-21]]. </ref>
$ openbox --reconfigure

===[[pandoc]]===
Convert [[markdown]] text file into mediawiki code.<ref name="so_20100926_markdown-to-mediawiki">[https://stackoverflow.com/users/315013/applicative applicative]. ([[2010-09-26]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/3796608 Are there any tools to convert markdown to Wiki text in other formats]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-27]]. </ref>
$ pandoc -f markdown -t mediawiki -o output.wc input.txt

===[[par2]]===
{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|par2}}

Create parity files of <code>archive.tar.xz</code> with default settings.
$ par2 create archive.tar.xz.par2 archive.tar.xz

===[[GNU parallel|parallel]]===
''See [[GNU parallel]]''

Duplicate a set of directories (non-recursively) (e.g. home sub-directories). Metadata not copied.
$ find "$HOME" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d | parallel mkdir "$HOME/{}"

Hash every file in the home directory.
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel --jobs="" sha256sum '{}' # use all CPUs
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel --jobs="25%" sha256sum '{}' # use at most 25% of CPU cores
$ find "$HOME" -type f | parallel sha256sum '{}' #

Run a thread for every item in an array.
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ myArray=("jan"); myArray=("feb"); myArray=("mar");
$ declare -p myArray
declare -a myArray=([0]="jan" [1]="feb" [2]="mar")
$ parallel echo '{}' ::: "${myArray[@]}"
jan
feb
mar
</pre>

Supply different arguments for each job with an `--arg-file`.
$ printf "foo\tbee\n" >> args.txt;
$ printf "bar\tboo\n" >> args.txt;
$ printf "baz\ttax\n" >> args.txt;
$ parallel --col-sep '\t' --arg-file args.txt echo '{2}' '{1}';
bee foo
boo bar
tax baz

Avoid OOM by suspending jobs on low memory via <code>--memsuspend 512M</code> (e.g. 512 [[mebibytes]]), which suspends job if less than <code>2 * 512 = 1024</code> mebibytes memory free. If only one job remains, it will not suspend.
$ seq 1 10 | parallel --memsuspend 512M echo '{}';

===[[ps]]===
Show process PIDs and full commands.
$ ps -eo pid,args

===[[pdftk]]===
Combine PDFs
$ pdftk doc1.pdf doc2.pdf doc3.pdf cat output output.pdf

===[[pgrep]]===
Exit early if a specific process (e.g. <code>yt-dlp</code>) is already running.
$ if pgrep "yt-dlp" 1>/dev/random 2>&1; then exit 1; fi;

===printf===
====GNU Coreutils====
Round a float to nearest integer<ref>{{bk}}: [[2023-09-09]]: Tested with GNU Coreutils 8.32</ref>:
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar";
14
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
14.29
$ myVar="14.28571"; printf "%.1f\n" "$myVar"
14.3
$ myVar="-14.28571"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
-14.29
$ myVar="28.57142"; printf "%.2f\n" "$myVar"
28.57
$ myVar="28.57142"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
29

: Note, GNU Coreutils printf uses “[[Rounding|round to even]]” (i.e. “Bankerʼs rounding”) for cases when 5 must be rounded.<ref name="se_20151101_printfrounding">user79742. ([[2015-11-01]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/240113 Weird float rounding behavior with printf]”. ''[[unix.stackexchange.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-10-04]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004195404/https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/240112/weird-float-rounding-behavior-with-printf/240113#240113 Archived] from the original on [[2023-10-04]]. </ref>
$ myVar="5.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
6
$ myVar="6.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
6
$ myVar="7.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
8
$ myVar="8.5"; printf "%.0f\n" "$myVar"
8

Print integer with leading zeroes. (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/18460742/10850071 ref])

$ n=7; printf "%05d\n" "$n";
00007

Print a bash array (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/15692004/10850071 ref])

$ declare -a my_array; my_array+=("jan"); my_array+=("feb");
$ printf '%s\n' "${my_array[@]}";
jan
feb

Print a progress bar
#!/bin/bash

total_iterations=100
current_iteration=0

while [ $current_iteration -lt $total_iterations ]; do
# Your actual loop content goes here
sleep 0.1 # This is just an example, replace with your actual task

# Calculate progress percentage
progress_percentage=$(( 100 * current_iteration / total_iterations ))

# Print progress percentage without causing scrolling
printf "\rProgress: %3d%%" $progress_percentage

# Increment the iteration counter
current_iteration=$(( current_iteration + 1 ))
done

# Print a newline character to move to the next line after the loop is done
echo

====C stdio.h====
Print an int as a hexadecimal

int a=17; printf("%x\n",a);

Print an int as a binary (<code>glibc >2.35</code>, check via <code>$ ldd --version</code>)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1023; printf("%b\n",a); return 0;

: When compiled with <code>gcc-12</code> (previous versions throw errors) and glibc >2.35, this prints:

1111111111

===[[rev]]===
Get a counted list of unique file extensions in the current working directory.

$ find ./ -type f | rev | cut -d'/' -f1 | cut -d'.' -f1 | rev | sort | uniq -c | sort -hk1;

: An explanation:
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
$ find ./ -type f | \ # Get a list of files in current working directory.
rev | \ # Reverse order of characters within each line.
cut -d'/' -f1 | \ # Get file name.
cut -d'.' -f1 | \ # Cut all characters except for those before the final `.` in the filename.
rev | \ # Restore order of characters within each line.
sort | \ # Sort for uniq.
uniq -c | \ # Count and remove duplicates.
sort -hk1; # Sort by extension count field of each line.
</pre>

===[[rsync]]===
Note: These commands assume use of ''rsync'' version <code>3.2.7 protocol version 31</code>, which is available on [[Debian]] version <code>11</code>.

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|rsync}}

Exclude all dotfiles or dotdirectories at any directory level.
$ echo ".*/**" >> exclude.txt
$ rsync -avu --exclude-from=exclude.txt somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/

Copy all files contained within a directory named <code>SOURCE</code> located within <code>somepath</code> into a directory named <code>DEST</code> within <code>anotherpath</code>, preserving file attributes (e.g. user:group, read/write/execute permissions), and overwriting existing files within <code>DEST</code> if they differ in modification date and/or size from those of <code>SOURCE</code>. The forward slashes after <code>SOURCE</code> and <code>DEST</code> are significant; omitting them may cause the creation of a new directory layer instead of synchronizing the file trees of <code>SOURCE</code> and <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/

Make the contents of <code>DEST</code> exactly match that of <code>SOURCE</code>, overwriting and deleting files as required in <code>DEST</code> via the <code>--delete-before</code> command, performing all deletions before file copying begins. This is useful for updating a backup of <code>SOURCE</code> at <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu --delete-before somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/somedir/DEST/

Copy files from a local <code>SOURCE</code> to a <code>DEST</code> in a remote user's home directory (e.g. <code>/home/username/DEST/</code>) via the [[ssh]] command.
$ rsync -avu -e 'ssh' somepath/SOURCE/ username@hostname:DEST/

Copy files only files containing <code>_small</code> in their filenames from a <code>SOURCE</code> to <code>DEST</code>. This preserves the directory tree of <code>SOURCE</code>.
$ rsync -avu --progress --include '*/' --include '*_small*' --exclude '*' somepath/SOURCE/ somepath/DEST/

: Move only the files containing <code>_small</code> in their file names, deleting them from <code>SOURCE</code> if successfully copied to <code>DEST</code>.
$ rsync -avu --progress --include '*/' --include '*_small*' --exclude '*' --remove-source-files somepath/SOURCE/ somepath/DEST/

Recreate full path at destination.<ref name="askubuntu_20141121_rsync-preserve-dirtree">[https://askubuntu.com/users/193328/jan jan]. ([[2014-11-21]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/552122 Preserve directory tree while copying with rsync]”. ''[[askubuntu.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-04-01]]. </ref>
$ rsync -avu -R somepath/SOURCE/ anotherpath/DEST/
$ ls anotherpath/DEST/somepath/SOURCE/

===sed===
[https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html GNU sed manual].

Replace first instance of a string.
$ echo "foo foo" | sed 's/oo/ee/'
fee foo

Replace all instances of a string.
$ echo "foo foo" | sed 's/oo/ee/g'
fee fee

Replace all instances of a string in a file (CAUTION: modifies the file):
$ printf "foo\n" > bar.txt
$ cat bar.txt
foo
$ sed -i 's/oo/ee/g' bar.txt
$ cat bar.txt
fee

Append something to the start of each line ([https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/443150 ref]):
$ printf "bar\nbaz\n" | sed 's/^/foo/'
foobar
foobaz
$ printf "bar\nbaz\n" | sed 's~^~foo~' # use ~ instead of / as regex delimiter
foobar
foobaz

Delete blank lines. (see [https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/76066/411854 ref])
$ printf "foo\n\nbar\n"
foo

bar
$ printf "foo\n\nbar\n" | sed '/^$/d'
foo
bar

Remove an initial `./` from the start of file lists produced by `find` whether newlines or NULL chars are used as list delimiters. Example: [[sumdir]] v0.1.2
$ sed -E 's/(^|\x00)\.\//\1/g'

Print specific lines of a file. (i.e. get a specific line from a file)
$ some_command | sed -n '2p' # prints line 2 of standard input
$ sed -n '2p' file.txt # prints line 2<ref>{{bk}}; [[2024-01-29]]: See https://stackoverflow.com/a/74076669</ref>
$ sed -n '2q;d' big_file.txt # prints line of a very large file.<ref>{{bk}}; [[2024-01-29]]: See https://stackoverflow.com/a/30657175 </ref>
$ sed -n '2p;'
$ sed -n '2,5p' file.txt # prints lines 2 through 5 inclusive.
$ sed -n '2;5;' file.txt # prints only lines 2 and 5.

Substitute special characters
$ echo "2 * 5 = 8" | sed -E -e 's/*/x/' # doesn't work because asterisk is special regex
sed: -e expression #1, char 6: Invalid preceding regular expression
$ echo "2 * 5 = 10" | sed -E -e 's/\*/x/' # works

===[[ssh]]===
Connect to a local machine's [[Syncthing]] instance via [[firefox]].
$ firefox 127.0.0.1:8384

Connect to a remote server's [[Syncthing]] instance via [[ssh]] port forwarding and [[firefox]].
$ ssh -L 127.0.0.1:8388:127.0.0.1:8384 user@hostname
$ firefox 127.0.0.1:8388

Get a host's SSH fingerprint<ref name="se_20160509_sshkeyscan">[[Anthony Geoghegan]]. ([[2016-05-09]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/268692/411854 Get SSH server key fingerprint]”. Accessed [[2023-06-25]]. </ref>
$ ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub

====Configure [[gnupg]], [[ssh]], and smartcard on [[macOS]]====
Install necessary [[homebrew]] packages
% [[#brew|brew]] update && brew upgrade;
% brew install gnupg pinentry-mac

<code>$ gpg -K</code> should have a line like this with <code>[A]</code>:
ssb> rsa4096/0x5F9D26B9A598A2D3 2018-05-16 [A] [expires: 2026-07-07]

Configure [[GnuPG]] to use <code>pinentry-mac</code>
% which pinentry;
/opt/homebrew/bin/pinentry-mac;
% which pinentry-mac >> ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf;

Configure [[GnuPG]] to be able to talk to [[ssh]] by:
: Adding these lines to <code>~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</code>:
<pre>
default-cache-ttl 300
max-cache-ttl 999999
enable-ssh-support
</pre>

: and exporting these environment variables to your shell (probably <code>~/.[[zsh]]rc</code> as of [[2024]])
<pre>
export GPG_TTY="$(tty)";
export SSH_AUTH_SOCK="$(gpgconf --list-dirs agent-ssh-socket)";
</pre>

Export the [[ssh]] public key from your [[OpenPGP]] key via [[GnuPG]]:
: Get public key line to add to remote machine
$ gpg --export-ssh-key YOUR_KEY_ID > my_gpg_ssh_pubkey.txt

: This should look like:
$ cat my_gpg_ssh_pubkey.txt
$ ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA… user@host

: Add ssh pubkey to remote machine by
:: running this command remotely (via a preëxisting [[ssh]] session or by visiting the remote machine physically)
remote$ echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAA… user@host" >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
:: or by running this comand locally:
$ gpg --export-ssh-key YOUR_KEY_ID | ssh user@remote 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Restart [[gnupg]] to apply configuration changes:
$ gpgconf --kill gpg-agent;
$ gpgconf --launch gpg-agent;

Test
$ ssh user@remote

: If you never have to use the server's password for the <code>user</code> user, then you succeeded.

{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|ssh}}

===[[sort]]===
Sort part of a checksum file while ignoring some initial lines (e.g. a checksum file generated by <code>sumdir</code>). Sorts every line except for the first three lines which it leaves at the top; the output is written to <code>/tmp/0.txt</code>. Uses the <code>-k2</code> (i.e. "key 2") option of <code>sort</code> which says to sort by the file name, not the hash (hash is first whitespace-separated entry, file name is the second).

file=.SUMSHA256--20230126T050458+0000; ( cat "$file" | head -n3; cat "$file" | tail -n+4 | sort -k2; ) > /tmp/0.txt

Sort on the third field of comma-delimited lines
$ printf "1,foo,kobo\n2,bar,kaela\n3,baz,zeta\n" | sort -t',' -k3
2,bar,kaela
1,foo,kobo
3,baz,zeta

Remove duplicate lines without sorted result (preserving first copied unique line). (see [https://stackoverflow.com/a/20639730/10850071 ref])
$ myVar="$( printf "gundam\ninuyasha\ngundam\nbleach\ngundam\nnaruto\ngundam\n" )"
$ echo "$myVar" | cat -n | sort -uk2 | sort -n | cut -f2-
gundam
inuyasha
bleach
naruto

: Preserving last unique copied line.
echo "$myVar" | tac | cat -n | sort -uk2 | sort -n | cut -f2- | tac
inuyasha
bleach
naruto
gundam

===[[stdbuf]]===
A [[GNU Coreutils]] program that controls how stdin, stdout, and error data is passed in and out of a program.

Read input from ''stdin'' and pass through output to ''stdout'' without any buffering.<ref name="se_20110619_stdbuf">[[a3nm]]. ([[2011-06-19]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/25378 Turn off buffering in pipe]”. ''Stack Exchange''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref>
$ stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 command

: Example: Continuously filtering [[journalctl]] output to capture <code>apache-access</code> lines while discarding the first 7 space-delimited fields of each line. If ''stdbuf'' is not used in this type of scenario, [[tr]] and [[cut]] may fail to immediately display important lines as they arrive from ''journalctl'', choosing to wait until a buffer is filled before displaying them (defeating the purpose of the <code>--follow</code> option of ''journalctl'').
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
#!/bin/bash
journalctl --all --output=short-iso --since=-7d --follow |\
grep --line-buffered -Eiv " 404 " |\
grep --line-buffered "apache-access" |\
stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tr -s ' ' |\
stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 cut -d' ' -f8- -
</pre>

===[[strace]]===
Read stderr of a backgrounded and disowned process with process ID <code>pid</code>.
$ strace -p "$pid" -e trace=write

===su===
Open a shell as root.
alice@host: sudo su -
root@host: whoami
root

Open a <code>bash</code> shell as another user, e.g. <code>www-data</code>.
alice@host: whoami
alice
alice@host: sudo su - www-data -s /bin/bash
[sudo] password for alice:
www-data@host: whoami
www-data

===sumdir===
A script by [[Christopher Lovejoy]] (used with <code>checkdir</code>). [https://github.com/monking/shell-utilities/blob/main/sumdir Source at GitHub].

Create checksum of files in working directory recursively, excluding files with names: ending in <code>.asc</code> or <code>.ots</code> and files starting with <code>.SUM</code>. Resulting file has pattern: <code>.SUM${digest_name}</code> (e.g. <code>.SUMB2--20230128T013153+0000</code>).
$ sumdir -a sha256 -r -x "*.asc" -x "*.ots" -x ".SUM*"
$ sumdir -a b2 -r -x "*.asc" -x "*.ots" -x ".SUM*"

===[[tar]]===
''See [[File compression notes]].''

Extract a compressed archive (e.g. <code>.tar.xz</code>) in the current working directory.
$ tar -xf archive.tar.xz

: Extract to a different directory <code>some/path/</code>. (The positioning of <code>-C</code> is important.)
$ tar -xf archive.tar.xz -C some/path/

===tee===
Echo stdout to stderr ([https://stackoverflow.com/a/3142166/10850071 ref]):
$ echo "This is standard error" | tee /dev/stderr | sed 's/error/out/g'
This is standard error
This is standard out

===[[top (software)|top]]===
View process, sorted by CPU usage
$ top

Shortcuts<ref name="transip_2024_linux-top-shortcuts">“[https://www.transip.eu/knowledgebase/entry/1979-using-the-top-command-linux/ Using the top command in Linux]”. (n.d.). ''[[transip.eu]]''. Accessed [[2024-01-06]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231127225012/https://www.transip.eu/knowledgebase/entry/1979-using-the-top-command-linux/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-11-27]]. </ref>:
* Arrow keys & page up/down: Navigate through the displayed list in the Task area.
* <code>q</code>: Finish the top with the <code>q</code>-key.
* <code>S-p</code>: Sort the processes by CPU usage.
* <code>S-m</code>: Sort the processes by memory (%MEM) usage.
* <code>S-t</code>: Sort the processes by running-time.
* <code>S-n></code>: Sort the processes by process ID.
* <code>t</code>: Changes the display of the CPU usage in the summary section.
* <code>m</code>: Changes the display of memory usage in the summary section.
* <code>S-r</code>: Sort the processes in ascending order instead of descending (default).
* <code>c</code>: By pressing <code>c</code>, the 'Command' column shows the entire path from which the processes were started.
* <code>S-v</code>: Shows the parent / child process hierarchy.
* <code>k</code>: Prompts for a process ID and closes the specified process. By default, SIGTERM is used for a graceful shutdown of the process. For a forced shutdown, you use SIGKILL.

===[[tr]]===
====Remove unwanted character sets====
Keep only printable characters and spaces from a string.

<pre style="white-space: pre;">
/bin/bash
name="message:おはよう　ございます.";
name_new="$( printf "%s" "$name" | tr -dc '[:graph:][:space:]' )";
printf "%s\n" "$name";
printf "%s\n" "$name_new";
</pre>

: This results in:
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
message:おはよう　ございます.
message:.
</pre>

===unar===
Install on a [[Debian]] system via [[apt]].
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install unar

Decompress a [[rar]] archive.
$ unar archive.rar

===unzip===
''For <code>.rar</code> files, see [[#unar]].''

Unzip to directory <code>foo</code>
$ mkdir foo
$ unzip -d foo archive.zip

Unzip archives containing file names encoded in non-English encodings:
: [[Shift JIS]] [[Japanese]] encoding.<ref name="askubuntu_20170711_unzip-shiftjis">[https://askubuntu.com/users/4066/nicolas-raoul Nicolas Raoul]. ([[2017-07-11]]). “[https://askubuntu.com/a/935023 How to unzip a Japanese ZIP file, and avoid mojibake/garbled characters]”. ''[[askubuntu.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-04-12]]. </ref>
$ unzip -O shift-jis archive.zip
: [[Simplified Chinese characters]] encoding.
$ unzip -O gb18030 archive.zip # [[GB 18030]] is a superset of [[GBK]]. Try this first.
$ unzip -O gbk archive.zip # [[GBK (character encoding)|GBK]] an extension of [[GB 2312]].
$ unzip -O gb2312 archive.zip # [[GB 2312]] deprecated in 2017
: [[Big5]] [[Traditional Chinese characters]] encoding.
$ unzip -O big5 archive.zip

===[[veracrypt]]===
Mount a volume.
$ veracrypt volume.hc

Unmount all volumes.
$ veracrypt -d
: If you get an error message resembling <code>Error: umount: /media/veracrypt1: target is busy</code>, then identify the offending process with [[lsof]]<ref name="so_20111024_unmountbusydev">[[Frank Tudor|Tudor, Frank]]. ([[2011-10-24]]). “[https://stackoverflow.com/a/7878763 How to unmount a busy device [closed]]”. ''[[stackoverflow.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-07-25]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181852/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7878707/how-to-unmount-a-busy-device/7878763#7878763 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-20]]. </ref>:
$ lsof | grep '/media/veracrypt1'

Unmount a specific volume.
$ veracrypt -d volume.hc

Create a volume.
$ veracrypt -t -c

===[[wondershaper]]===
Limit bandwidth of network interface <code>eth0</code><ref>{{bk}}: [[2024-01-12]]: Network interfaces and [[DHCP]]-assigned [[IP address]]es can be listed via <code>ifconfig</code>.</ref> to 5000kbps download and 1000kbps upload.
$ wondershaper eth0 5000 1000

Clear [[wondershaper]] limits.
$ wondershaper clear

===[[yt-dlp]]===
''For all options, see [[yt-dlp]] GitHub page [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp here].''

''See example wrapper script [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/107b9c5341a52d03350d698b5ec42e26d810a93c/user/bkytpldl-generic here (<code>bkytpldl-generic</code> v4.1.1)].''

Delay between downloads
$ yt-dlp --sleep-requests 2

Remember downloaded videos to avoid redownload attempts.
$ yt-dlp --download-archive some/path/history.txt "$URL"

Randomize order in which playlist items are downloaded.
$ yt-dlp --playlist-random "$URL"

Handle <code>File name too long</code> error by limiting long fields by byte count.<ref name="ytdlp_2021_long-filename">[[tylerszabo]]. ([[2021-10-01]]). “[https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1136 [Feature request] Handle Long filenames in default template and temporary files #1136]”. ''[[github.com]]'', [[yt-dlp]]. Accessed [[2024-07-25]]. “<code>$ yt-dlp -o '%(title).200B.%(ext)s' '<url>'</code>”. </ref>
$ yt-dlp -o '%(title).140B.%(ext)s' '<url>' # limits title to 140 bytes
$ yt-dlp -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' '<url>' # may fail if title too long

Download lowest quality.<ref name="su_20210806_ytdlp-lowest-quality">[https://superuser.com/users/1052727/sherman Sherman]. ([[2021-08-06]]). “[https://superuser.com/a/1667932/1142336 Download the lowest quality video with youtube-dl]”. ''[[superuser.com]]''. Accessed [[2024-02-10]]. </ref>
$ yt-dlp -S '+size,+br'

Write automatic subtitles of a [[YouTube]] video to a <code>.vtt</code> file:
$ yt-dlp --write-subs --write-auto-subs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbkUn0o3L1Y

: Parse such a <code>.vtt</code> file in order to extract the text (reading every 8th line with an offset)

<pre style="white-space: pre;">clear; offset=1; cycle=8; n=0; {
while read -r line; do
if [[ ! $((n % cycle)) -eq "$offset" ]]; then
((n++)); continue; fi;
printf "%s\n" "$line";
((n++));
done < Unicode\ and\ Byte\ Order\ \[bbkUn0o3L1Y\].en.vtt;
echo "STATUS:Done." 1>&2;
} | grep -v "^$";
</pre>

===[[xargs]]===
Convert several lines of [[stdin]] into words. This may be useful if a command needs to perform an operation on all items in a long [[newline-delimited]] [[list]] as [[argument]] [[parameters]] instead of [[standard input]]. The following expressions are equivalent calls of [[ls]] to list the files <code>foo</code>, <code>bar</code>, and <code>baz</code>:
$ printf "foo\nbar\nbaz\n" | xargs -d '\n' ls -alh;
$ ls -alh foo bar baz;
: Note: <code>-d '\n'</code> requires that only [[newlines]] are used to separate (i.e. [[delimiter|delimit]]) arguments. The <code>-d</code> option is necessary in newline-delimited lists because <code>xargs</code> will split lines on [[whitespace characters]] such as the [[space character]]. For example, <code>printf "1 qux\n2 quux\n3 corge\n" | xargs -d '\n' ls -alh;</code> will not apply <code>ls -alh</code> to the three files <code>1 qux</code>, <code>2 quux</code>, and <code>3 corge</code>, but instead will erroneously use six other files <code>1</code>, <code>qux</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>quux</code>, <code>3</code>, and <code>corge</code>.

==History==

{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

{{refsec}}

[[Category:Command line]]

Wendell C. DeMille

2024-10-25T04:59:05Z

Tsijuzarci: Created page with " '''Wendell C. DeMille''' was a resident of Utah. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }} ==Stats== * Born: 1915-05-04..."

'''Wendell C. DeMille''' was a resident of [[Utah]]. {{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |<br /><br />{{#lst:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|lede-prv}} | }}

==Stats==
* Born: [[1915-05-04]]
* Died: [[2007-05-15]]

==Obituary==
''From https://www.nelsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/wendell-demille ''

<blockquote>
Wendell C. DeMille<br />
May 4, 1915 — May 15, 2007<br />
Wendell C. DeMille passed away peacefully at his home on May 14, 2007. He just recently celebrated his 92nd birthday. He was born May 4, 1915 in [[St. George, Utah|St. George]] to [[Oscar DeMille]] and [[Emily Josephine Higgins]]. He grew up and attended schools in [[Rockville, Utah]]. He married [[Lilly Dale Larsen Heaps]] on [[1954-04-19|April 19, 1954]] in the [[Logan, Utah|Logan]] LDS Temple. She passed away [[2003-04-05|April 5, 2003]]. They made their home in Logan and after they had retired, enjoyed spending the winters in [[Washington, Utah]], where they met many wonderful friends. Wendell worked as a heavy equipment operator and retired after more than 20 years of service for the [[Utah Department of Transportation]]. He was very active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, where he served in many different callings. In [[1982]], he and his wife served a mission in the Wisconsin Mission. He loved riding horses and enjoyed going hunting. He kept an immaculate yard and vegetable garden. But most of all he was a wonderful Grandpa. His grandchildren loved spending time with him. He was so loving and always concerned for them, and he would do everything he could to make them happy. You never left grandpa?s home without knowing how wonderful he thought you were and how much he loved you. He is survived by a son, [[Terry Kathy Heaps]], [[Duchesne]]; a daughter, [[JoAnn Marvin Perkes]], [[Hyde Park]]; 17 grandchildren, 44 great grandchildren, and 15 great-great grandchildren. He is also survived by a brother, [[Alpine DeMille]], [[Paradox, Colorado]]; a sister, [[Ione Heaton]], [[Roosevelt]]; and a sister-in-law, [[Vilo DeMille]], [[Rockville]]. He was preceded in death by his wife, [[Lilly Dale DeMille]]; a brother, [[Floyd DeMille]], and several half brothers and sisters. Funeral services will be held at 12:00 noon Friday, [[2007-05-18|May 18, 2007]] at Nelson Funeral Home, 162 East 400 North, Logan with Bishop [[Jody Reese]] of the Logan 15th Ward conducting. Friends may call at Nelson Funeral Home one hour prior to services. Burial will be in the Logan City Cemetery. Condolences may be extended to the family online at www.nelsonfuneralhome.com . We would like to thank Dr. [[Ali Ben-Jacob]] and his staff, the nurses at the [[Cache Valley Infusion Center]], and [[Alpine Hospice]] for their kind and loving care of grandpa these last three years. We love and miss you Grandpa!
</blockquote>

==History==

{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|private}} | }}
==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |* [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv]] | }}
{{#ifexist: {{FULLPAGENAME}}/prv |{{#lsth:{{PAGENAME}}/prv|See also private}} | }}

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}
* [https://www.nelsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/wendell-demille obituary]

{{Refsec}}

Diaeresis (diacritic)

2024-04-16T18:17:34Z

Tsijuzarci: /* Diaeresis use in English */

A '''diaeresis''' is a [[diacritical mark]] of two dots above a glyph that, when used above a vowel in written [[English]], indicates the vowel is pronounced with its own separate syllable as opposed to being combined with another nearby vowel as part of a [[diphthong]].

==Stats==
* Unicode point: <code>U+0308 COMBINING DIAERESIS</code>

==Diaeresis use in English==
The following words may benefit from use of a diaeresis if there is a need to clarify in [[writing]] the presence of a second [[syllable]] in two consecutive [[vowels]].<ref name="grammar_20110405_diaeresis">[[Patricia T. O'Conner|O'Conner, Patricia T.]]; [[Stewart Kellerman|Kellerman, Stewart]]. ([[2011-04-05]]). “[https://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2011/04/diaeresis.html Is the diaeresis driving you dotty?]”. ''grammarphobia.com''. Accessed [[2023-04-17]].</ref> This need may be present when teaching non-English speakers how to verbally read written English.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="vertical-align:middle; color:#2E3436;" 
|+ Diaeresis-compatible words and usage frequency
|-
! word<br/>with diaeresis
! word
! [[2016]] wikipedia<br/>word count<ref name="wiktionary_2016_freqlisten">“[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists/English/Wikipedia_(2016) Wiktionary:Frequency lists/English/Wikipedia (2016)]”. ([[2016]]). ''wiktionary.org''. Accessed [[2023-04-17]].</ref>
|-
| aërial
| aerial
| 314
|-
| aërodynamic
| aerodynamic
| 269
|-
| aëroplane
| aeroplane
| 56
|-
| aërosol
| aerosol
| 104
|-
| aërostat
| aerostat
| 7
|-
| albeït
| albeit
|
|-
| caveät
| caveat
|
|-
| coëfficient
| coefficient
| 512
|-
| coënzyme
| coenzyme
| 18
|-
| coëvolution
| co-evolution
| 14
|-
| coëxist
| co-exist
| 117
|-
| coïncidence
| coincidence
| 174
|-
| coöperation
| cooperation
| 1478
|-
| coöpt
| co-opt
| 38
|-
| coördinate
| coordinate
| 1508
|-
| deällocate
| de-allocate
| ?
|-
| deörbit
| deorbit
| 14
|-
| diëlectric
| dielectric
| 155
|-
| diëresis
| diaeresis
| 11
|-
| hydroëlectric
| hydroelectric
| 128
|-
| isoëlectric
| isoelectric
| 9
|-
| microörganism
| microorganism
| 147
|-
| naïve
| naive
| 103
|-
| noöne
| no-one
| 34
|-
| photoëlectric
| photoelectric
| 33
|-
| piezoëlectric
| piezoelectric
| 59
|-
| poëm
| poem
| 1502
|-
| poëtry
| poetry
| 1005
|-
| preëminent
| preeminent
| 70
|-
| preëmptive
| preemptive
| 60
|-
| protoöncogen
| proto-oncogen
| 9
|-
| reëducate
| reeducate
| 2
|-
| reëlect
| reelect
| 380
|-
| reëmbark
| reembark
| 0
|-
| reëmerge
| reemerge
| 69
|-
| reëmphasize
| reemphasize
| 9
|-
| reëmploy
| reemploy
| 6
|-
| reëmpower
| re-empower
| 0
|-
| reënact
| reenact
| 61
|-
| reënforce
| re-enforce
| 2
|-
| reëngineer
| re-engineer
| 20
|-
| reënlist
| reenlist
| 6
|-
| reënter
| re-enter
| 119
|-
| reëntry
| reentry
| 118
|-
| reëquip
| reequip
| 14
|-
| reëstablish
| reestablish
| 253
|-
| reëvaluate
| reevaluate
| 70
|-
| reëxamine
| reexamine
| 52
|-
| reëxport
| reexport
| 14
|-
| reïgnite
| reignite
| 26
|-
| reïmburse
| reimburse
| 56
|-
| reïncarnate
| reincarnate
| 140
|-
| reïndex
| reindex
| 0
|-
| reïnflate
| reinflate
| 2
|-
| reïnforce
| reinforce
| 991
|-
| reïnhabit
| re-inhabit
| 2
|-
| reïnstall
| reinstall
| 37
|-
| reïnstate
| reinstate
| 214
|-
| reïntegrate
| reintegrate
| 42
|-
| reïnterpret
| reinterpret
| 88
|-
| reïnvent
| reinvent
| 51
|-
| reïnvigorate
| reinvigorate
| 34
|-
| reïssue
| reissue
| 174
|-
| reïterate
| reiterate
| 80
|-
| thermoëlastic
| thermoelastic
| 1
|-
| thermoëlectric
| thermoelectric
| 22
|-
| triëster
| triester
| 1
|-
| zoölogy
| zoology
| 59
|}

==History==

=={{bk}} history==

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

==References==
<references>
</references>

2024-03

2024-03-28T22:16:27Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2024-03-28 */

Journal for [[2024]]-03. Preceded by [[2024-02]]. Followed by [[2024-04]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2024-03-01==
2024-W09-5, 2024-061, Fri

==2024-03-02==
2024-W09-6, 2024-062, Sat

==2024-03-03==
2024-W09-7, 2024-063, Sun

==2024-03-04==
2024-W10-1, 2024-064, Mon

==2024-03-05==
2024-W10-2, 2024-065, Tue

==2024-03-06==
2024-W10-3, 2024-066, Wed

==2024-03-07==
2024-W10-4, 2024-067, Thu

==2024-03-08==
2024-W10-5, 2024-068, Fri

==2024-03-09==
2024-W10-6, 2024-069, Sat

==2024-03-10==
2024-W10-7, 2024-070, Sun

==2024-03-11==
2024-W11-1, 2024-071, Mon

==2024-03-12==
2024-W11-2, 2024-072, Tue

==2024-03-13==
2024-W11-3, 2024-073, Wed

==2024-03-14==
2024-W11-4, 2024-074, Thu

==2024-03-15==
2024-W11-5, 2024-075, Fri

==2024-03-16==
2024-W11-6, 2024-076, Sat

==2024-03-17==
2024-W11-7, 2024-077, Sun

==2024-03-18==
2024-W12-1, 2024-078, Mon

==2024-03-19==
2024-W12-2, 2024-079, Tue

==2024-03-20==
2024-W12-3, 2024-080, Wed

==2024-03-21==
2024-W12-4, 2024-081, Thu

==2024-03-22==
2024-W12-5, 2024-082, Fri

==2024-03-23==
2024-W12-6, 2024-083, Sat

==2024-03-24==
2024-W12-7, 2024-084, Sun

==2024-03-25==
2024-W13-1, 2024-085, Mon

==2024-03-26==
2024-W13-2, 2024-086, Tue

==2024-03-27==
2024-W13-3, 2024-087, Wed

==2024-03-28==
2024-W13-4, 2024-088, Thu

* I found a [[manga]] about corrupt state-sponsored [[reincarnation]] myths. ([https://mangadex.org/title/1712d8ff-8d10-4c6b-8b38-ea7e8c311833/339-years-of-penal-servitude link])

==2024-03-29==
2024-W13-5, 2024-089, Fri

==2024-03-30==
2024-W13-6, 2024-090, Sat

==2024-03-31==
2024-W13-7, 2024-091, Sun

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-12

2023-12-04T05:51:03Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2023-12-03 */

Journal for [[2023]]-12. Preceded by [[2023-11]]. Followed by [[2024-01]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-12-01==
2023-W48-5, 2023-335, Fri

*'''(16:18+00)''': I learned that [[George Santos]] was expelled from [[Congress]] by a two-thirds majority vote in the [[US House of Representatives]].<ref name="nytimes_20231201_santos-expelled">“[https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote House Expels George Santos From Congress in Historic Vote]”. ([[2023-12-01]]). ''[[New York Times]]''. Accessed [[2023-12-01]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231201145714/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote Archived] from the original on [[2023-12-01]]. </ref>

==2023-12-02==
2023-W48-6, 2023-336, Sat

* I attended the [https://www.sanjuancollege.edu/about/news-events/calendar/all-events/45th-annual-luminarias.php 45th Annual Luminaria] display at [[San Juan College]]. I took some [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20231202..sjc_45th_luminarias/index.html photos].

==2023-12-03==
2023-W48-7, 2023-337, Sun

*'''22:48-07 (05:48+00)''': I finished assembling an [[fgallery]] image [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20231202..sjc_45th_luminarias/index.html gallery] of the 45th Annual Luminaria photos I took on [[2023-12-02|Saturday]] evening. I linked the gallery in a [https://reboil.com/ikiwiki/blog/posts/0020231204T0451+00..sjc_45th_luminarias/ blog] post.

==2023-12-04==
2023-W49-1, 2023-338, Mon

==2023-12-05==
2023-W49-2, 2023-339, Tue

==2023-12-06==
2023-W49-3, 2023-340, Wed

==2023-12-07==
2023-W49-4, 2023-341, Thu

==2023-12-08==
2023-W49-5, 2023-342, Fri

==2023-12-09==
2023-W49-6, 2023-343, Sat

==2023-12-10==
2023-W49-7, 2023-344, Sun

==2023-12-11==
2023-W50-1, 2023-345, Mon

==2023-12-12==
2023-W50-2, 2023-346, Tue

==2023-12-13==
2023-W50-3, 2023-347, Wed

==2023-12-14==
2023-W50-4, 2023-348, Thu

==2023-12-15==
2023-W50-5, 2023-349, Fri

==2023-12-16==
2023-W50-6, 2023-350, Sat

==2023-12-17==
2023-W50-7, 2023-351, Sun

==2023-12-18==
2023-W51-1, 2023-352, Mon

==2023-12-19==
2023-W51-2, 2023-353, Tue

==2023-12-20==
2023-W51-3, 2023-354, Wed

==2023-12-21==
2023-W51-4, 2023-355, Thu

==2023-12-22==
2023-W51-5, 2023-356, Fri

==2023-12-23==
2023-W51-6, 2023-357, Sat

==2023-12-24==
2023-W51-7, 2023-358, Sun

==2023-12-25==
2023-W52-1, 2023-359, Mon

==2023-12-26==
2023-W52-2, 2023-360, Tue

==2023-12-27==
2023-W52-3, 2023-361, Wed

==2023-12-28==
2023-W52-4, 2023-362, Thu

==2023-12-29==
2023-W52-5, 2023-363, Fri

==2023-12-30==
2023-W52-6, 2023-364, Sat

==2023-12-31==
2023-W52-7, 2023-365, Sun

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-12

2023-12-04T05:41:28Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2023-12-02 */

Journal for [[2023]]-12. Preceded by [[2023-11]]. Followed by [[2024-01]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-12-01==
2023-W48-5, 2023-335, Fri

*'''(16:18+00)''': I learned that [[George Santos]] was expelled from [[Congress]] by a two-thirds majority vote in the [[US House of Representatives]].<ref name="nytimes_20231201_santos-expelled">“[https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote House Expels George Santos From Congress in Historic Vote]”. ([[2023-12-01]]). ''[[New York Times]]''. Accessed [[2023-12-01]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231201145714/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote Archived] from the original on [[2023-12-01]]. </ref>

==2023-12-02==
2023-W48-6, 2023-336, Sat

* I attended the [https://www.sanjuancollege.edu/about/news-events/calendar/all-events/45th-annual-luminarias.php 45th Annual Luminaria] display at [[San Juan College]]. I took some [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20231202..sjc_45th_luminarias/index.html photos].

==2023-12-03==
2023-W48-7, 2023-337, Sun

==2023-12-04==
2023-W49-1, 2023-338, Mon

==2023-12-05==
2023-W49-2, 2023-339, Tue

==2023-12-06==
2023-W49-3, 2023-340, Wed

==2023-12-07==
2023-W49-4, 2023-341, Thu

==2023-12-08==
2023-W49-5, 2023-342, Fri

==2023-12-09==
2023-W49-6, 2023-343, Sat

==2023-12-10==
2023-W49-7, 2023-344, Sun

==2023-12-11==
2023-W50-1, 2023-345, Mon

==2023-12-12==
2023-W50-2, 2023-346, Tue

==2023-12-13==
2023-W50-3, 2023-347, Wed

==2023-12-14==
2023-W50-4, 2023-348, Thu

==2023-12-15==
2023-W50-5, 2023-349, Fri

==2023-12-16==
2023-W50-6, 2023-350, Sat

==2023-12-17==
2023-W50-7, 2023-351, Sun

==2023-12-18==
2023-W51-1, 2023-352, Mon

==2023-12-19==
2023-W51-2, 2023-353, Tue

==2023-12-20==
2023-W51-3, 2023-354, Wed

==2023-12-21==
2023-W51-4, 2023-355, Thu

==2023-12-22==
2023-W51-5, 2023-356, Fri

==2023-12-23==
2023-W51-6, 2023-357, Sat

==2023-12-24==
2023-W51-7, 2023-358, Sun

==2023-12-25==
2023-W52-1, 2023-359, Mon

==2023-12-26==
2023-W52-2, 2023-360, Tue

==2023-12-27==
2023-W52-3, 2023-361, Wed

==2023-12-28==
2023-W52-4, 2023-362, Thu

==2023-12-29==
2023-W52-5, 2023-363, Fri

==2023-12-30==
2023-W52-6, 2023-364, Sat

==2023-12-31==
2023-W52-7, 2023-365, Sun

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-12

2023-12-01T16:24:09Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2023-12-01 */

Journal for [[2023]]-12. Preceded by [[2023-11]]. Followed by [[2024-01]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-12-01==
2023-W48-5, 2023-335, Fri

*'''(16:18+00)''': I learned that [[George Santos]] was expelled from [[Congress]] by a two-thirds majority vote in the [[US House of Representatives]].<ref name="nytimes_20231201_santos-expelled">“[https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote House Expels George Santos From Congress in Historic Vote]”. ([[2023-12-01]]). ''[[New York Times]]''. Accessed [[2023-12-01]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231201145714/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/12/01/nyregion/george-santos-expulsion-vote Archived] from the original on [[2023-12-01]]. </ref>

==2023-12-02==
2023-W48-6, 2023-336, Sat

==2023-12-03==
2023-W48-7, 2023-337, Sun

==2023-12-04==
2023-W49-1, 2023-338, Mon

==2023-12-05==
2023-W49-2, 2023-339, Tue

==2023-12-06==
2023-W49-3, 2023-340, Wed

==2023-12-07==
2023-W49-4, 2023-341, Thu

==2023-12-08==
2023-W49-5, 2023-342, Fri

==2023-12-09==
2023-W49-6, 2023-343, Sat

==2023-12-10==
2023-W49-7, 2023-344, Sun

==2023-12-11==
2023-W50-1, 2023-345, Mon

==2023-12-12==
2023-W50-2, 2023-346, Tue

==2023-12-13==
2023-W50-3, 2023-347, Wed

==2023-12-14==
2023-W50-4, 2023-348, Thu

==2023-12-15==
2023-W50-5, 2023-349, Fri

==2023-12-16==
2023-W50-6, 2023-350, Sat

==2023-12-17==
2023-W50-7, 2023-351, Sun

==2023-12-18==
2023-W51-1, 2023-352, Mon

==2023-12-19==
2023-W51-2, 2023-353, Tue

==2023-12-20==
2023-W51-3, 2023-354, Wed

==2023-12-21==
2023-W51-4, 2023-355, Thu

==2023-12-22==
2023-W51-5, 2023-356, Fri

==2023-12-23==
2023-W51-6, 2023-357, Sat

==2023-12-24==
2023-W51-7, 2023-358, Sun

==2023-12-25==
2023-W52-1, 2023-359, Mon

==2023-12-26==
2023-W52-2, 2023-360, Tue

==2023-12-27==
2023-W52-3, 2023-361, Wed

==2023-12-28==
2023-W52-4, 2023-362, Thu

==2023-12-29==
2023-W52-5, 2023-363, Fri

==2023-12-30==
2023-W52-6, 2023-364, Sat

==2023-12-31==
2023-W52-7, 2023-365, Sun

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2024-10

2023-09-05T12:54:46Z

Tsijuzarci: /* Events */

Journal for [[2024]]-10. Preceded by [[2024-09]]. Followed by [[2024-11]].

==Events==
* [[2024-10]]: Launch of the [[ESA]]ʼs [[Hera (space mission)]] to investigate the result of [[NASA]]ʼs [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test]] (DART) impact on the [[Dimorphos]], the [[minor-planet moon]] of [[65803 Didymos]].<ref name="spacecom_20230905_hera">[[Andrew Jones]]. ([[2023-09-05]]). “[https://www.space.com/esa-assembles-hera-spacecraft-dart-asteroid-crash Europe assembles Hera spacecraft to eye aftermath of DART asteroid crash (video, photos)]”. ''[[space.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-09-05]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230905104901/https://www.space.com/esa-assembles-hera-spacecraft-dart-asteroid-crash Archived] from the original on [[2023-09-05]]. </ref>

==Tasks==

==2024-10-01==
2024-W40-2, 2024-275, Tue

==2024-10-02==
2024-W40-3, 2024-276, Wed

==2024-10-03==
2024-W40-4, 2024-277, Thu

==2024-10-04==
2024-W40-5, 2024-278, Fri

==2024-10-05==
2024-W40-6, 2024-279, Sat

==2024-10-06==
2024-W40-7, 2024-280, Sun

==2024-10-07==
2024-W41-1, 2024-281, Mon

==2024-10-08==
2024-W41-2, 2024-282, Tue

==2024-10-09==
2024-W41-3, 2024-283, Wed

==2024-10-10==
2024-W41-4, 2024-284, Thu

==2024-10-11==
2024-W41-5, 2024-285, Fri

==2024-10-12==
2024-W41-6, 2024-286, Sat

==2024-10-13==
2024-W41-7, 2024-287, Sun

==2024-10-14==
2024-W42-1, 2024-288, Mon

==2024-10-15==
2024-W42-2, 2024-289, Tue

==2024-10-16==
2024-W42-3, 2024-290, Wed

==2024-10-17==
2024-W42-4, 2024-291, Thu

==2024-10-18==
2024-W42-5, 2024-292, Fri

==2024-10-19==
2024-W42-6, 2024-293, Sat

==2024-10-20==
2024-W42-7, 2024-294, Sun

==2024-10-21==
2024-W43-1, 2024-295, Mon

==2024-10-22==
2024-W43-2, 2024-296, Tue

==2024-10-23==
2024-W43-3, 2024-297, Wed

==2024-10-24==
2024-W43-4, 2024-298, Thu

==2024-10-25==
2024-W43-5, 2024-299, Fri

==2024-10-26==
2024-W43-6, 2024-300, Sat

==2024-10-27==
2024-W43-7, 2024-301, Sun

==2024-10-28==
2024-W44-1, 2024-302, Mon

==2024-10-29==
2024-W44-2, 2024-303, Tue

==2024-10-30==
2024-W44-3, 2024-304, Wed

==2024-10-31==
2024-W44-4, 2024-305, Thu

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-01

2023-07-17T07:11:50Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-01. Preceded by [[2022-12]]. Followed by [[2023-02]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-01-01==
2022-W52-7, 2023-001, Sun

==2023-01-02==
2023-W01-1, 2023-002, Mon

==2023-01-03==
2023-W01-2, 2023-003, Tue

==2023-01-04==
2023-W01-3, 2023-004, Wed

==2023-01-05==
2023-W01-4, 2023-005, Thu

==2023-01-06==
2023-W01-5, 2023-006, Fri

==2023-01-07==
2023-W01-6, 2023-007, Sat

==2023-01-08==
2023-W01-7, 2023-008, Sun

==2023-01-09==
2023-W02-1, 2023-009, Mon

==2023-01-10==
2023-W02-2, 2023-010, Tue

==2023-01-11==
2023-W02-3, 2023-011, Wed

==2023-01-12==
2023-W02-4, 2023-012, Thu

==2023-01-13==
2023-W02-5, 2023-013, Fri

==2023-01-14==
2023-W02-6, 2023-014, Sat

==2023-01-15==
2023-W02-7, 2023-015, Sun

==2023-01-16==
2023-W03-1, 2023-016, Mon

==2023-01-17==
2023-W03-2, 2023-017, Tue

* '''16:24-07 (23:24+00)''': Initialized [[BK-2023-01-1]].

==2023-01-18==
2023-W03-3, 2023-018, Wed

==2023-01-19==
2023-W03-4, 2023-019, Thu

==2023-01-20==
2023-W03-5, 2023-020, Fri

==2023-01-21==
2023-W03-6, 2023-021, Sat

==2023-01-22==
2023-W03-7, 2023-022, Sun

==2023-01-23==
2023-W04-1, 2023-023, Mon

==2023-01-24==
2023-W04-2, 2023-024, Tue

==2023-01-25==
2023-W04-3, 2023-025, Wed

==2023-01-26==
2023-W04-4, 2023-026, Thu

==2023-01-27==
2023-W04-5, 2023-027, Fri

==2023-01-28==
2023-W04-6, 2023-028, Sat

==2023-01-29==
2023-W04-7, 2023-029, Sun

==2023-01-30==
2023-W05-1, 2023-030, Mon

==2023-01-31==
2023-W05-2, 2023-031, Tue

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-02

2023-07-17T07:11:40Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-02. Preceded by [[2023-01]]. Followed by [[2023-03]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-02-01==
2023-W05-3, 2023-032, Wed

==2023-02-02==
2023-W05-4, 2023-033, Thu

==2023-02-03==
2023-W05-5, 2023-034, Fri

==2023-02-04==
2023-W05-6, 2023-035, Sat

==2023-02-05==
2023-W05-7, 2023-036, Sun

==2023-02-06==
2023-W06-1, 2023-037, Mon

==2023-02-07==
2023-W06-2, 2023-038, Tue

==2023-02-08==
2023-W06-3, 2023-039, Wed

==2023-02-09==
2023-W06-4, 2023-040, Thu

==2023-02-10==
2023-W06-5, 2023-041, Fri

==2023-02-11==
2023-W06-6, 2023-042, Sat

==2023-02-12==
2023-W06-7, 2023-043, Sun

==2023-02-13==
2023-W07-1, 2023-044, Mon

==2023-02-14==
2023-W07-2, 2023-045, Tue

==2023-02-15==
2023-W07-3, 2023-046, Wed

==2023-02-16==
2023-W07-4, 2023-047, Thu

==2023-02-17==
2023-W07-5, 2023-048, Fri

==2023-02-18==
2023-W07-6, 2023-049, Sat

==2023-02-19==
2023-W07-7, 2023-050, Sun

==2023-02-20==
2023-W08-1, 2023-051, Mon

==2023-02-21==
2023-W08-2, 2023-052, Tue

==2023-02-22==
2023-W08-3, 2023-053, Wed

==2023-02-23==
2023-W08-4, 2023-054, Thu

==2023-02-24==
2023-W08-5, 2023-055, Fri

==2023-02-25==
2023-W08-6, 2023-056, Sat

==2023-02-26==
2023-W08-7, 2023-057, Sun

==2023-02-27==
2023-W09-1, 2023-058, Mon

==2023-02-28==
2023-W09-2, 2023-059, Tue

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-03

2023-07-17T07:11:31Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-03. Preceded by [[2023-02]]. Followed by [[2023-04]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-03-01==
2023-W09-3, 2023-060, Wed

==2023-03-02==
2023-W09-4, 2023-061, Thu

==2023-03-03==
2023-W09-5, 2023-062, Fri

==2023-03-04==
2023-W09-6, 2023-063, Sat

==2023-03-05==
2023-W09-7, 2023-064, Sun

==2023-03-06==
2023-W10-1, 2023-065, Mon

==2023-03-07==
2023-W10-2, 2023-066, Tue

==2023-03-08==
2023-W10-3, 2023-067, Wed

==2023-03-09==
2023-W10-4, 2023-068, Thu

==2023-03-10==
2023-W10-5, 2023-069, Fri

==2023-03-11==
2023-W10-6, 2023-070, Sat

==2023-03-12==
2023-W10-7, 2023-071, Sun

*'''15:08-07 (23:08+00)''': Made the [[reboil.com wiki]] public via the [[Plinth]] interface. {{bk}} initialized [[User:Baltakatei/Journals]] page, setting up wikilinks to monthly journals for {{bk}}. Created the [[Template:bk]] shortcut.
*'''(02:08+00)''': Update [[:Template:bkj]] to v0.1.2 to accept zero, one, or two arguments.

==2023-03-13==
2023-W11-1, 2023-072, Mon

*'''09:40-07 (16:40+00)''': Creating [[Factorio]] page.
*'''(19:01+00)''': Created [[Citation styles]] page. Tested out the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Cite Cite extension] by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><references></nowiki></code> tags.
*'''(19:07+00)''': Imported {{bk|bk4 wiki}} content to {{bk|Unicode notes}}.
*'''(05:08+00)''': Posted a [https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/gitweb-snapshot-requests-cause-low-memory/2502 suggestion] to the [[FreedomBox]] [[Discourse]] forum regarding disabling [[reboil.com]]'s [[GitWeb]] snapshot feature.<ref name="fdmbx_20230313_gitwebdisable">[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-03-13]]). “[https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/gitweb-snapshot-requests-cause-low-memory/2502 GitWeb snapshot requests cause low memory]”. ''[[FreedomBox Forum]]''. Accessed [[2023-03-13]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230314182551/https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/gitweb-snapshot-requests-cause-low-memory/2502 Archived] from the original on [[2023-03-14]].</ref>
*'''(06:47+00)''': Uploaded a wiki icon at [[:File:20230314..reboil.com wiki logo.svg]]. Used an inverted and colored variant of my "Observe, Integrate, Reticulate" logo. Modifications made using [[Inkscape]] <code>v1.2.2 (b0a8486, 2022-12-01)</code>.
*'''(09:09+00)''': I described my setup for using [[OpenTimestamps]].

==2023-03-14==
2023-W11-2, 2023-073, Tue

*'''13:21-07 (20:21+00)''': I created a page for [[EVA-2020-02]], my project to make a portable environment data observer.
*'''(21:02+00)''': I created a page for [[chrony]], the NTP program used by in [[EVA-2020-02]].

==2023-03-15==
2023-W11-3, 2023-074, Wed

*'''13:58-07 (20:58+00)''': I created the page for [[Neal Stephenson]].
*'''(06:53+00)''': I think I found a [[Facebook]] [https://www.facebook.com/touchingacg/videos/%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%8C%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5/923210274901992/ mirror] of a 2-year memorial video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5TWmn7ems0 published] on [[YouTube]] by [[Kyoto Animation]] regarding the [[Kyoto Animation arson fire]] of [[2019]].

==2023-03-16==
2023-W11-4, 2023-075, Thu

*'''14:24-07 (21:24+00)''': Created [[Gregorian calendar]] and [[Edward Graham Richards]] while researching [[leap year]] algorithms.

==2023-03-17==
2023-W11-5, 2023-076, Fri

*'''21:49-07 (04:49+00)''': Created [[Constructed languages]] after reading [https://altagram.com/decoding-gamings-fictional-languages/ this] article about fictional “languages” appearing in [[The Legend of Zelda]], [[Final Fantasy X]], and [[The Sims]].
*'''(06:42+00)''': Created [[Antonius Tertius]] and [[One-Winged Angel]] after looking up lyrics for said song.

==2023-03-18==
2023-W11-6, 2023-077, Sat

==2023-03-19==
2023-W11-7, 2023-078, Sun

==2023-03-20==
2023-W12-1, 2023-079, Mon

==2023-03-21==
2023-W12-2, 2023-080, Tue

* Imported [[Anathem]] from [[bk4]]. Created [[Inflation]]. Created [[IOLET :: Music from the World of Anathem]] and its composer [[David Stutz]]. Found that Stutz had recently created a [[Substack]] page and posted content related to IOLET. I [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322100440/https://ztutz.substack.com/p/mohr-mascheroni/comment/13837887 posted] a reply indicating my interest in preserving files related to IOLET.

==2023-03-22==
2023-W12-3, 2023-081, Wed

Imported [[Internet Archive]] from [[bk4]].

==2023-03-23==
2023-W12-4, 2023-082, Thu

Trying the [[Strict Scrutiny]] podcast as a replacement for [[Opening Arguments]], following a [https://old.reddit.com/r/OpenArgs/comments/11f4ydr/ignoring_everything_else_andrewliz_doesnt_work/jai0kqt/ recommendation] from the [[/r/OpenArgs]] subreddit.

==2023-03-24==
2023-W12-5, 2023-083, Fri

*'''14:11-07 (21:11+00)''': Giving [[Google Bard]] a try. Agreed to some terms: [https://policies.google.com/terms Google Terms of Service] and [https://policies.google.com/terms/generative-ai Generative AI Additional Terms of Service].

==2023-03-25==
2023-W12-6, 2023-084, Sat

==2023-03-26==
2023-W12-7, 2023-085, Sun

* '''13:01-07 (20:01+00)''': Imported [[Banished from the Hero's Party]] from [[bk4]].
* '''(05:24+00)''': [[BK-2020-09]]: Updated the [[Wikipedia]] articles for [[The Markup]] and [[Julia Angwin]] after reading an article from [[The Markup]] about conflict of interest problems with [[DNA profiling]] software companies in the context of criminal investigations<ref name="tm_20210309_dnasoftwareproblems">[[Lauren Kirchner|Kirchner, Lauren]]. ([[2021-03-09]]). “[https://themarkup.org/news/2021/03/09/powerful-dna-software-used-in-hundreds-of-criminal-cases-faces-new-scrutiny Powerful DNA Software Used in Hundreds of Criminal Cases Faces New Scrutiny]”. [[themarkup.org]]. Accessed [[2023-03-26]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309173435/https://themarkup.org/news/2021/03/09/powerful-dna-software-used-in-hundreds-of-criminal-cases-faces-new-scrutiny Archived] on [[2021-03-09]].</ref>; I hadn't heard of The Markup before and saw its [[Wikipedia]] page had some issues.

==2023-03-27==
2023-W13-1, 2023-086, Mon

==2023-03-28==
2023-W13-2, 2023-087, Tue

* '''24:26-07 (07:26+00)''': I scraped the [[Authors Guild]] member pages into [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230329T0650+00..authors_guild_member_scraped_info.csv CSV] and [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230329T0650+00..authors_guild_member_scraped_info.ods ODS] spreadsheet files. I found approximately 7985 author pages. See [https://reboil.com/res/2023/exe/20230328T0721+00..authors_guild_member_pageinfo.bundle this] [[git]] bundle for scripts used to assemble these files. I did so after wondering who exactly supported the [[Authors Guild]] which is against the [[Internet Archive]] lending digital copies of books after reading an [[NPR]] article about Internet Archive recently losing a case against publishers.<ref name="npr_20230326_internetarchivelawsuitloss">[[Joe Hernandez|Hernandez, Joe]]. ([[2023-03-26]]). “[https://www.npr.org/2023/03/26/1166101459/internet-archive-lawsuit-books-library-publishers A judge sided with publishers in a lawsuit over the Internet Archive's online library]”. ''[[NPR]]''. Accessed [[2023-03-28]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328222525/https://www.npr.org/2023/03/26/1166101459/internet-archive-lawsuit-books-library-publishers Archived] from the original on [[2023-03-28]].</ref>

==2023-03-29==
2023-W13-3, 2023-088, Wed

* [[BK-2023-03]]: Pushed [[git]] repo for [[Authors Guild]] work to [[reboil.com]] [[GitWeb]] [https://reboil.com/gitweb/BK-2023-03.git here]. Improved some of the scripts.

==2023-03-30==
2023-W13-4, 2023-089, Thu

*'''(23:00+00)''': I learned that [[Donald Trump]] was indicted with regard to the [[Stormy Daniels]] election fraud case.<ref name="nyt_20230330_45indicted">[[Ben Protess|Protess, Ben]]; [[Jonah E. Bromwich|Bromwich, Jonah E.]]; [[William K. Rashbaum|Rashbaum, William K.]]; [[Kate Christobek|Christobek|Kate]]; [[Nate Schweber|Schweber, Nate]]; [[Sean Piccoli|Piccoli, Sean]]. ([[2023-03-30]]). “[https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/30/nyregion/trump-indictment-news Donald Trump Is Indicted in New York: Live Updates]”. ''[[New York Times]]''. Accessed [[2023-03-30]]T23:55+00. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330233441/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/30/nyregion/trump-indictment-news Archived] from the original on [[2023-03-30]]T23:34+00.</ref>
*: I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110114775738922510 posted] about the indictment on my [[Mastodon]] account, linking the highest quality version of the “Cliffhangers” minigame music (from [[The Price is Right]]) which is called “[[On The Franches Mountains]]” and performed by the [[Jura Orchestra]] in [[1957]].<ref name="yt_20210219_yodelmountain">“[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h12F120ffYg On The Franches Mountains - Jura Orchestra (Price is Right yodeler song)]”. (2021). ANNICTIVE PUBLIC DOMAIN. ''[[Youtube.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-03-31]].</ref><ref name="sh_20160525_swissmountainmusic">[https://forums.stevehoffman.tv/members/bradolson.25/ BradOlson]. ([[2016-05-25]]). “[https://forums.stevehoffman.tv/threads/on-the-franches-mountains-jura-orchestra-1957-recording.544935/ On The Franches Mountains - Jura Orchestra (1957 recording)]”. ''Steve Hoffman Forums''. Accessed [[2023-03-30]]. “Since 1976, the Price Is Right has been using this recording as their theme to the "Cliff Hangers" pricing game. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDIRDt3eGRs video]). Did you know that this was recorded by the Jura Orchestra in 1957 in Switzerland on a Capitol LP called "Swiss Mountain Music?" Yes indeed it is true and here is the LP cover and the name of the song is "On The Franches Mountains." ”.</ref><ref name="cr_1957_onthefranchesmountains">[[The Jura Orchestra]]. “On the Franches Mountains”.  [[Swiss Mountain Music]]. ([[1957]]).  ''[[Capitol Records]]''. 1 audio disc : analog, 33 1/3 rpm, mono; 12 in. OCLC: [https://www.worldcat.org/title/221191101 221191101].  Track note: “Jura Bernois Country Dance With Yodelling”. [https://archive.org/details/lp_swiss-mountain-music_various-alois-lischer-berner-landler-quint Archived] from the original on [[2020-03-21]].</ref>

==2023-03-31==
2023-W13-5, 2023-090, Fri

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-04

2023-07-17T07:11:21Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See also */

Journal for [[2023]]-04. Preceded by [[2023-03]]. Followed by [[2023-05]].

==Events==
==Tasks==

==2023-04-01==
2023-W13-6, 2023-091, Sat
*'''24:38-07 (08:39+00)''': {{bk}} created [[Gourmet Race]] in order to record links to performances of the song using [[Kanipan]]'s lyrics.

==2023-04-02==
2023-W13-7, 2023-092, Sun

==2023-04-03==
2023-W14-1, 2023-093, Mon

==2023-04-04==
2023-W14-2, 2023-094, Tue
*'''16:40-07 (23:40+00)''': Saw my [[2023-03-13]] post to the [[FreedomBox]] [[Discourse]] forum was replied to by [[James Valleroy]] who made an issue on the salsa.debian.org FreedomBox repository.<ref name="debsalfbx_20230404_gitweb2335">[[James Valleroy|Valleroy, James]]. ([[2023-04-04]]). “[https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox/-/issues/2335 gitweb: Disable snapshot feature]”. Accessed [[2023-04-04]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405004356/https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox/-/issues/2335 Archived] from the original on [[2023-04-05]].</ref>.

==2023-04-05==
2023-W14-3, 2023-095, Wed

==2023-04-06==
2023-W14-4, 2023-096, Thu

==2023-04-07==
2023-W14-5, 2023-097, Fri
*'''13:35-07 (20:35+00)''': Made a [https://old.reddit.com/r/gaming/comments/12envxc/no_herbs_no_problem_for_leon/jfd3bmv/ post] on [[Reddit]] identifying the game in which a blonde man named Leon ([[Leon Scott Kennedy]]) ate raw eggs, fish, and snakes to the visible discomfort of a blonde person wearing orange ([[Ashley Graham (Resident Evil)]]). Apparently the new [[2023]] re-make of [[Resident Evil 4]] has [https://residentevil.fandom.com/wiki/Viper_(RE4_Remake) given] Leon the ability to eat [[vipers]].

==2023-04-08==
2023-W14-6, 2023-098, Sat
*'''21:49-07 (04:49+00)''': Imported [[Beyond the Frontier: Dreadnaught]], [[Beyond the Frontier: Invincible]], and [[The Lost Fleet glossary]] from [[bk4]].
* '''(09:30+00)''': Created [[Shadowstone Park]] to record details I saw while watching the series by [[Jason Steele]].

==2023-04-09==
2023-W14-7, 2023-099, Sun

* '''10:34-07 (17:34+00)''': I [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soul_cake&diff=1149015022&oldid=1147206212&diffmode=source fixed] a broken ref on the [[Wikipedia]] article for [[Soul cake]]. I had to dig into the [[Internet Archive]] using the reference quote's author's name and some details from the quote itself since [[Google]] didn't bring up search results matching the quote (since the original page is gone). Some manual digging through a church's blog's Internet Archive snapshots helped me find the [https://web.archive.org/web/20141029172021/http://standrews-pcusa.org/is-halloween-a-christian-event/ missing url for the dead blog post].
* '''(07:52+00)''': I created the page “[[Bibliographic identifiers]]” to record some notes to help me differentiate a [[OCLC ID]] from an [[OCLC work ID]] from a [[WorldCat Entities ID]] (all identifiers spawned by the [[OCLC]] organization); the proliferation of so many identifier domains makes me want to prefer schemes used by [[Open Library]], the [[Internet Archive]], or just straight-up [[Wikidata]] entity IDs.
* '''(09:31+00)''': Saw that the [[GitWeb]] high resource usage from web crawlers requesting snapshots issue I mentioned on [[2023-03-13]] for which [[James Valleroy]] created an issue on [[2023-04-04]] resulted in a commit that disables snapshots by default.<ref name="fbx_20230409_gitwebnosnapshot">[[Veiko Aasa|Aasa, Veiko]]; [[Sunil Mohan Adapa|Adapa, Sunil Mohan]]. ([[2023-04-09]]). “[https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox/-/commit/7481aacd8244b0dfb548e5e44c6f130dca389e1d gitweb: Disable snapshot feature]”. ''salsa.debian.org''. Accessed [[2023-04-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230410093833/https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox/-/commit/7481aacd8244b0dfb548e5e44c6f130dca389e1d Archived] from the original on [[2023-04-10]].</ref> The GitWeb manual section on the [[FreedomBox]] [[Debian]] wiki page was updated to note how to enable the snapshot feature if required.<ref name="debwiki_20230409_gitweb">“[https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox/Manual/GitWeb FreedomBox Manual GitWeb]”. ([[2023-04-09]]). ''wiki.debian.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094010/https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox/Manual/GitWeb Archived] from the original on [[2023-04-10]].</ref>

==2023-04-10==
2023-W15-1, 2023-100, Mon

* I added more items to [[Bibliographic identifiers]] such as [[DOI]], [[PubMed ID]], and [[ISBN]].
* Noted that [[Internet Archive]] took over the original [[PURL]] service from [[OCLC]] in [[2016]].
* '''(01:29+00)''': I created a page describing [[Standard Generalized Markup Language]] (SGML), the predecessor to [[XML]] and inspiration for [[HTML]] since [[Keith E. Shafer]], an [[OCLC]] researcher, worked on a tool called [[Fred: The SGML Grammar Builder Project]] which aimed to automatically create [[Document type definitions]] (DTDs; basically, a rough predecessor to [[XML Schema]]s) given tagged data lacking a DTD.

==2023-04-11==
2023-W15-2, 2023-101, Tue

* I added journal month pages (e.g. [[1851-05]]) and daily redirect pages to said month pages (e.g. [[1851-05-01]]). I also ran a script from [[BK-2020-03]] to create month pages containing sections for each date with [[ISO 8601]] week numbers and day-of-year numbers (albeit not wikilinks); the [[php]] import process is likely to take some time to finish on the machine currently running the [[reboil.com wiki]].

==2023-04-12==
2023-W15-3, 2023-102, Wed

==2023-04-13==
2023-W15-4, 2023-103, Thu

==2023-04-14==
2023-W15-5, 2023-104, Fri

==2023-04-15==
2023-W15-6, 2023-105, Sat

* I created pages for [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] who worked to create the first widely viewed [[daguerreotype]] (a type of early [[photograph]]) of the [[moon]] since it won a prize at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] in [[London]] which opened on [[1851-05-01]].

==2023-04-16==
2023-W15-7, 2023-106, Sun

==2023-04-17==
2023-W16-1, 2023-107, Mon

* I created the page [[Diaeresis (diacritic)]] in order to record a list of words I've found that could benefit from the addition of the [[diacritical mark]] known as a diaeresis (a.k.a. [[dieresis]]), especially when verbal communication of word pronunciation is not immediately possible.
* '''13:32-07 (20:32+00)''': I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110216015361887134 posted] a link to [[Diaeresis (diacritic)]] on my [[twit.social]] [[Mastodon]] page with a screenshot of the current state of the word frequency table and a [https://reboil.com/res/2023/exe/20230417T2012+00..word_usage_calculator.bundle link] to a [[git]] bundle containing a snapshot of the code and corpus I used to generate the word frequency numbers.

==2023-04-18==
2023-W16-2, 2023-108, Tue

==2023-04-19==
2023-W16-3, 2023-109, Wed

==2023-04-20==
2023-W16-4, 2023-110, Thu

==2023-04-21==
2023-W16-5, 2023-111, Fri

==2023-04-22==
2023-W16-6, 2023-112, Sat

==2023-04-23==
2023-W16-7, 2023-113, Sun

==2023-04-24==
2023-W17-1, 2023-114, Mon

==2023-04-25==
2023-W17-2, 2023-115, Tue

==2023-04-26==
2023-W17-3, 2023-116, Wed

*'''(08:19+00)''': I imported my notes of [[Terry Pratchett: BBC Radio Drama Collection]] from [[bk4]].

==2023-04-27==
2023-W17-4, 2023-117, Thu

==2023-04-28==
2023-W17-5, 2023-118, Fri

==2023-04-29==
2023-W17-6, 2023-119, Sat

==2023-04-30==
2023-W17-7, 2023-120, Sun

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-05

2023-07-17T07:11:11Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-05. Preceded by [[2023-04]]. Followed by [[2023-06]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-05-01==
2023-W18-1, 2023-121, Mon

==2023-05-02==
2023-W18-2, 2023-122, Tue

==2023-05-03==
2023-W18-3, 2023-123, Wed

==2023-05-04==
2023-W18-4, 2023-124, Thu

==2023-05-05==
2023-W18-5, 2023-125, Fri

==2023-05-06==
2023-W18-6, 2023-126, Sat

==2023-05-07==
2023-W18-7, 2023-127, Sun

==2023-05-08==
2023-W19-1, 2023-128, Mon

*'''(02:28+00)''': I [https://old.reddit.com/r/me_irl/comments/13c1s27/me_irl/jjf5fs3/?context=10000 posted] on [[Reddit]] a reply to a comment summarizing history leading up to the discovery of [[quantum mechanics]]. My post contains lyrics to a song I heard about [[Quantum Chemistry (book)]] back in [[2010]] by teaching assistants for [[CHEM 173]], a course I took at [[Stanford University]] during winter quarter of 2010.

==2023-05-09==
2023-W19-2, 2023-129, Tue

*'''(18:03+00)''': I used [[ChatGPT]] to [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110340032840176858 post] on my [[Mastodon]] page a translation of a favorite [[4koma]] manga panel of mine from [[我々は猫である]] (en: [[We Are Cats]]) by [[ゆきひろゆき]] (en: [[Hiroyuki Yuki]]).

==2023-05-10==
2023-W19-3, 2023-130, Wed

==2023-05-11==
2023-W19-4, 2023-131, Thu

==2023-05-12==
2023-W19-5, 2023-132, Fri

==2023-05-13==
2023-W19-6, 2023-133, Sat

==2023-05-14==
2023-W19-7, 2023-134, Sun

==2023-05-15==
2023-W20-1, 2023-135, Mon

==2023-05-16==
2023-W20-2, 2023-136, Tue

==2023-05-17==
2023-W20-3, 2023-137, Wed

* I imported my notes for the [[2023 NJIT Ph.D. Commencement Ceremony]] from [[bk4]].

==2023-05-18==
2023-W20-4, 2023-138, Thu

==2023-05-19==
2023-W20-5, 2023-139, Fri

==2023-05-20==
2023-W20-6, 2023-140, Sat

==2023-05-21==
2023-W20-7, 2023-141, Sun

==2023-05-22==
2023-W21-1, 2023-142, Mon

==2023-05-23==
2023-W21-2, 2023-143, Tue

*'''17:15-07 (00:15+00)''': I created the page [[ISO 10628]] for recording some [[Inkscape]] work I did with [[BK-2020-04]] to draw [[chemical engineering]] [[technical drawing]] symbols. This is work from [[2020-09]] that I revisited in [[2023-02]] and again today when I decided to go ahead and push a drawing update to [[Wikimedia Commons]].
*'''(00:36+00)''': I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110420856855655790 posted] a link to the [[Wikipedia]] page for ISO 10628 and summarized my update to the drawings I uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. Wikipedia's [[Mastodon]] [https://wikis.world/@wikipedia account] boosted my post.
*'''(09:19+00)''': I created [[White Mesa Mill]] to record my first hands-on and on-site exposure to [[P&ID]]s in [[2011-05]].
*'''(11:00+00)''': [[BK-2020-04]]: I posted a blog post “[https://reboil.com/ikiwiki/blog/posts/0020230524T0730+00..iso_10628_symbol_drawing_update/ ISO 10628 symbol drawing update]” describing the update to <code>BK-2020-04-PID-1</code>.

==2023-05-24==
2023-W21-3, 2023-144, Wed

* Created the page [[September 11 attacks]].

==2023-05-25==
2023-W21-4, 2023-145, Thu

==2023-05-26==
2023-W21-5, 2023-146, Fri

* '''20:00-07 (03:00+00)''': Imported [[Tears of the Kingdom notes]] from [[bk4]].

==2023-05-27==
2023-W21-6, 2023-147, Sat

==2023-05-28==
2023-W21-7, 2023-148, Sun

* '''07:50-07 (14:50+00)''': Created [[David O'Toole]], an [[Emacs]] [[Org mode]] developer.
* '''(15:47+00)''': Posted a [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230528T1403+00_reddit..fakery_resistant_books.html comment] regarding a Reddit [https://old.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/13tmefu/an_argument_for_why_we_need_to_start_hoarding/ post] about how hoarding books can be used to combat fake document generation by language learning models such as [[ChatGPT]]. My comment listed tools I used to create a book resistant to faking efforts via [[OpenTimestamps]], [[Git]] version control, [[OpenPGP]] digital signatures, [[Creative Commons]] licenses, and [[TeXmacs]] for book editing.<ref name="bktei_20230528_bookfakery">[[Sandoval, Steven Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-05-28]]). “[https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230528T1403+00_reddit..fakery_resistant_books.html Fakery Resistant Books]”. ''reboil.com''. Accessed [[2023-05-28]].</ref><ref name="feedbackmotor5498_20230528_bookhoarding">[[feedbackmotor5498]]. ([[2023-05-28]]). “[https://old.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/13tmefu/an_argument_for_why_we_need_to_start_hoarding/ An argument for why we need to start hoarding books and textbooks immediately.]”. [[reddit.com]]. Accessed [[2023-05-28]].</ref>

==2023-05-29==
2023-W22-1, 2023-149, Mon

==2023-05-30==
2023-W22-2, 2023-150, Tue

==2023-05-31==
2023-W22-3, 2023-151, Wed

* I created the page [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]] to record some notes of mine of the event.
*'''12:57-07 (19:57+00)''': [[BK-2020-08-1]]: I updated some [[org mode]] source files for various [[reboil.com blog]] posts to link to the [[reboil.com wiki]] journal pages. I plan to make this a regular practice so I can more closely integrate the blog with the wiki. The wiki can provide breadth while the blog can provide occasional deep dives into some topic.

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-06

2023-07-17T07:11:02Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-06. Preceded by [[2023-05]]. Followed by [[2023-07]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-06-01==
2023-W22-4, 2023-152, Thu

==2023-06-02==
2023-W22-5, 2023-153, Fri

==2023-06-03==
2023-W22-6, 2023-154, Sat

* '''05:26-07 (12:26+00)''': [[BK-2020-08-1]]: I updated more of my [[ikiwiki]] blog posts to include links to the [[reboil.com wiki]] via date strings.

==2023-06-04==
2023-W22-7, 2023-155, Sun

==2023-06-05==
2023-W23-1, 2023-156, Mon

==2023-06-06==
2023-W23-2, 2023-157, Tue

*'''(16:02+00)''': I posted a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110498072186042235 toot] about how to use [[stdbuf]] to display a stream of live yet intermittent data (e.g. log data generated by [[journalctl]]) without buffering.<ref name="bktei_20230606_twitstdbuf">[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-06-06]]). “[https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110498072186042235 TIL how to prefix commands with `stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0` to disable stdin/stdout buffering when dealing with live log streams]”. ''[[twit.social]]''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref><ref name="se_20110619_stdbuf">[[a3nm]]. ([[2011-06-19]]). “[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/25378 Turn off buffering in pipe]”. ''Stack Exchange''. Accessed [[2023-06-06]].</ref>

==2023-06-07==
2023-W23-3, 2023-158, Wed

==2023-06-08==
2023-W23-4, 2023-159, Thu

[[File:20230609..pekora usada animation 4 frames.png|300px|thumb|right|[[BK-2023-04]]: Four frames of the [[Pekora Usada]] animation.]]

==2023-06-09==
2023-W23-5, 2023-160, Fri

*'''02:37-07 (09:37+00)''': I researched [[Usada Pekora]]'s background music which is known as “Tanukichii no Bouken” by [[MAKOOTO]].<ref name="dovasyndrome_20190115_tanukichi">
[[MAKOOTO]]. ([[2019-01-15]]). “[https://dova-s.jp/bgm/play10441.html たぬきちの冒険]“. ''Dova-Syndrome''. Accessed [[2023-06-09]]. Format: 1712-bytes 1m12.80s 192kbps 48000 Hz stereo mp3.</ref>
*'''15:56-07 (22:56+00)''': [[BK-2023-04]]: I decided to fix a [[Pekora Usada]] video that had an annoying video / audio synchronization issue. I created a project and made corrections using [[FFmpeg]], [[Bash]], and [[Kdenlive]]. I documented the process in [[TeXmacs]] and uploaded the result as a 10-minute video to [[YouTube]].<ref name="yt_20230609_pekorabgmfixed">[[Baltakatei]]. [[2023-06-09]]. “[https://youtu.be/yD8ieIsc324 兎田ぺこら Usada Pekora BGM (10 minutes, synchronized)]”. ''youtube.com''. Accessed [[2023-06-09]].</ref> I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110516725855305336 mentioned] it on my [[twit.social]] [[Mastodon]] account.

==2023-06-10==
2023-W23-6, 2023-161, Sat

* Event: [[Debian]] 12 “Bookworm” was released.<ref name="debian_20230610_bookworm">“[https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610 Debian 12 "bookworm" released]”. ([[2023-06-10]]). ''debian.org''. Accessed [[2023-06-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610123321/https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-10]].</ref>.

==2023-06-11==
2023-W23-7, 2023-162, Sun

*'''(20:12+00)''': I posted a comment on a thread in the [[FreedomBox]] forum about my failed [[zdv-4-1]] [[Debian]] 11 Bullseye to Debian 12 Bookworm upgrade story.<ref name="fb_20230611_failedupdatecomment">[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-06-11]]). “[https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/update-when-to-panic/2608/11 Update - when to panic?]”. ''discuss.freedombox.org''. Accessed [[2023-06-11]].</ref>. I also posted a thread of [[Mediawiki]] issues related to the upgrade.<ref name="fb_20230611_mwupgrade">[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-06-11]]). “[https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/mediawiki-upgrade-notes-bullseye-to-bookworm/2609 Mediawiki upgrade notes (Bullseye to Bookworm)]”. ''discuss.freedombox.org''. Accessed [[2023-06-11]]. </ref>.

==2023-06-12==
2023-W24-1, 2023-163, Mon

* I applied for an account on the [[Lemmy]] instance [[sopuli.xyz]].

==2023-06-13==
2023-W24-2, 2023-164, Tue

==2023-06-14==
2023-W24-3, 2023-165, Wed

* I noticed my application to [[sopuli.xyz]] was approved. I created my [https://sopuli.xyz/u/baltakatei profile].
* I wrote a [https://reboil.com/ikiwiki/blog/posts/0020230615T1005+00..migration_to_lemmy/ blog post] noting my switch from [[Reddit]] to [[Lemmy]] via [[sopuli.xyz]].

==2023-06-15==
2023-W24-4, 2023-166, Thu

==2023-06-16==
2023-W24-5, 2023-167, Fri

[[File:20230616T2205+00..pimoroni enviro absolute humidity 400x193px.jpg|thumb|300px|right|An image of my office humidity sensor that I shared on https://forums.raspberrypi.com .<ref name="raspicom_20230616_bkhumidity" /> [[:File:20230616T2205+00..pimoroni enviro absolute humidity 400x193px.jpg|Image]] by {{bk}} / {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}}]]

* '''10:30-07 (17:30+00)''': I found an article summarizing nicely the situation with [[Reddit]] and mentions [[Lemmy]] as a viable alternative for users leaving Reddit.<ref name="techdirt_20230613_redditblackout">[[Mike Masnick|Masnick, Mike]]. [[2023-06-13]]. “Reddit Blackout Crashes The Site As Reddit Users Realize They’re In The Power Position”. ''[[techdirt.com]]''. Accessed [[2023-06-16]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230615155001/https://www.techdirt.com/2023/06/13/reddit-blackout-crashes-the-site-as-reddit-users-realize-theyre-in-the-power-position/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-15]].
</ref>.
*: It contains a [[Cory Doctorow]] quote about the [[enshittification]] process:
<blockquote>
Here is how platforms die: first, they are good to their users; then they abuse their users to make things better for their business customers; finally, they abuse those business customers to claw back all the value for themselves. Then, they die.<ref name="locus_20230102_doctorowenshittification">[[Cory Doctorow|Doctorow, Cory]]. ([[2023-01-02]]). “[https://locusmag.com/2023/01/commentary-cory-doctorow-social-quitting/ Commentary: Cory Doctorow: Social Quitting ]”. ''Locus Online''. Accessed [[2023-06-16]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230102182038/https://locusmag.com/2023/01/commentary-cory-doctorow-social-quitting/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-01-02]].</ref>
</blockquote>
* '''13:48-07 (20:48+00)''': I made a post to [[sopuli.xyz]]'s Music community, sharing [[Jake Kaufman]]'s ''[[The Impresario]]'', a remix of [[Final Fantasy VI]]'s opera sequence.<ref name="bktei_20230616_ff6impresario">[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-06-16]]). “[https://sopuli.xyz/post/735562 Final Fantasy VI "The Impresario" OC ReMix]”. ''sopuli.xyz''. Accessed [[2023-06-16]].</ref>
* '''(22:53+00)''': After seeing some hits to [[zdv-4-2]] for an article I wrote about calculating absolute humidity from relative humidity for [[EVA-2020-02]], I saw that the referrer URL was to https://forums.raspberrypi.com which had a recent thread talking about such humidity calculations; my article was linked. I decided to create an account at the forum and post a reply providing the specific [[Python3]] code that I thought would be most relevant to the topic.<ref name="raspicom_20230616_bkhumidity">
[[Baltakatei]]. ([[2023-06-16]]). “[https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2114209#p2114209 Getting a absolute humidity from a temperature/relative humidity]”. ''forums.raspberrypi.com''. Accessed [[2023-06-16]].</ref>

==2023-06-17==
2023-W24-6, 2023-168, Sat

* '''(06:23+00)''': While searching for more information on the background of [[Dietrich Sonntag]], author of “Advancements in the field of hygrometry”, I found a paper noting that Sonntag had passed away on [[2018-01-01]] at the age of 90.<ref name="sonntag_1994_advhygrometry">
[[Dietrich Sonntag|Sonntag, D.]] ([[1994]]). “[https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/3/1994/51 Advancements in the field of hygrometry]”. [[Meteorologische Zeitschrift]], 51-66. Accessed [[2021-09-14]].</ref><ref name="hellmuth_2021_densityhumidair">[[Olaf Hellmuth|Hellmuth, O.]], [[Rainer Feistel|Feistel, R.]] & [[Thomas Foken|Foken, T.]]. ([[2021]]). “[https://doi.org/10.1007/s42865-021-00036-7 Intercomparison of different state-of-the-art formulations of the mass density of humid air]”. [[Bulletin of Atmospheric Science and Technology|Bull. of Atmos. Sci.& Technol.]] 2, 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42865-021-00036-7. Accessed [[2023-06-17]].</ref><ref name="foken_2018_dmgepitaph">[[Thomas Foken|Foken, Thomas]]. ([[2018]]). “[https://web.archive.org/web/20200712183531/https://www.dmg-ev.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1_2018.pdf Nachruf Prof. Dr. habil. Dietrich Sonntag]” (en: “Obituary Professor Dr. Dietrich Sonntag”). ''[[Mitteilungen DMG]]''. Issue 1. Accessed [[2023-06-17]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712183531/https://www.dmg-ev.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1_2018.pdf Archived] from the original on [[2020-07-12]].</ref>.

==2023-06-18==
2023-W24-7, 2023-169, Sun

==2023-06-19==
2023-W25-1, 2023-170, Mon

==2023-06-20==
2023-W25-2, 2023-171, Tue

==2023-06-21==
2023-W25-3, 2023-172, Wed

==2023-06-22==
2023-W25-4, 2023-173, Thu

==2023-06-23==
2023-W25-5, 2023-174, Fri

==2023-06-24==
2023-W25-6, 2023-175, Sat

*'''(19:26+00)''': [[BK-2021-09]]: I updated my [[Notable Public Keys]] book to version <code>0.4.0</code>. It now includes entries about [[Element.io]], [[yt-dlp]], [[Inkscape]], and [[Trisquel]]. I uploaded the PDF to [[reboil.com]] [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230624T1919+00..notable_public_keys_v0.4.0.pdf here], along with my signature and [[OTS]] time stamps.
*'''(19:43+00)''': I published a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110600894917775989 link] to the new PDF on [[twit.social]].

==2023-06-25==
2023-W25-7, 2023-176, Sun

==2023-06-26==
2023-W26-1, 2023-177, Mon

==2023-06-27==
2023-W26-2, 2023-178, Tue

==2023-06-28==
2023-W26-3, 2023-179, Wed

==2023-06-29==
2023-W26-4, 2023-180, Thu

==2023-06-30==
2023-W26-5, 2023-181, Fri

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-07

2023-07-17T07:10:52Z

Tsijuzarci: /* See Also */

Journal for [[2023]]-07. Preceded by [[2023-06]]. Followed by [[2023-08]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-07-01==
2023-W26-6, 2023-182, Sat

* '''17:13-07 (00:13+00)''': [[BK-2021-09]]: Updated [[Notable Public Keys]] to include links to the [[PDF]]s, [[OpenPGP]] signatures, and [[OpenTimestamp]] attestation files for several versions of the Notable Public Keys book.

==2023-07-02==
2023-W26-7, 2023-183, Sun

==2023-07-03==
2023-W27-1, 2023-184, Mon

* Event: Full moon.

*'''19:41-07 (02:41+00)''': [[BK-2020-08-6]]; [[BK-2021-09]]: I uploaded a copy of the [[Notable Public Keys]] [[PGP]] keys to [[reboil.com]] [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230704..npk_v0.4.0_pgp_keys/ here] for future reference.

==2023-07-04==
2023-W27-2, 2023-185, Tue

==2023-07-05==
2023-W27-3, 2023-186, Wed

* '''22:05-07 (05:05+00)''': Created [[Template:Cc-by-sa-3.0-inline]] and [[Template:Cc-by-sa-4.0-inline]] for inserting [[Creative Commons]] copyright notices on some pages (especially images).
*'''(06:33+00)''': I posted a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110665684159420830 link] on [[Mastodon]] to my ''Cat and Bats'' [[Halloween]] poster I made on [[2022-10-31]]. I thought someone might find it enjoyable to print out and apply to their own front door.

==2023-07-06==
2023-W27-4, 2023-187, Thu

*'''03:22-07 (10:22+00)''': I made a [[Mastodon]] [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110666636102873099 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] was soon to start in [[Japan]] and included an [[mp4]] video clip of [[Haruhi]] explaining the link between the story of [[Orihime]] and [[Hikoboshi]] with the stars known as [[Vega]] and [[Altair]].
*'''03:39-07 (10:39+00)''': I made a Lemmy [https://lemmy.world/post/1092162 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] on a [[The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|Haruhi]] community.

==2023-07-07==
2023-W27-5, 2023-188, Fri

[[File:Tanabata tanzaku.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2023-07-07]]: Tanabata tanzaku at the Portland Japanese Garden. Image by {{bk}} / {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}}.]]

* I visited the [[Portland Japanese Garden]] for [[Tanabata]]. See [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20230707_20230707..tanabata_at_portland_japanese_garden/index.html this] [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries|photo gallery]] made using [[fgallery]].

==2023-07-08==
2023-W27-6, 2023-189, Sat

*'''05:54-07 (12:54+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I wrote and published [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/0b312d906ba5d20fa1e6a9ee299b59ffeabeca9c/user/bkphotorights <code>bkphotorights</code>], a script to add [[Creative Commons]] metadata to a photo via [[command line]]. I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110678492435591456 linked] the [[GitLab]] copy on my [[Mastodon]] account.
*'''17:42-07 (00:42+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I created [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months.sh</code>] and [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months_range.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months_range.sh</code>], scripts to automatically generate summaries of monthly journals for ranges of years. The summary pages can be found via the category page: [[:Category:Monthly summaries by year]]. I imported them to the [[reboil.com wiki]] via <code>importTextFiles.php</code>.<ref name="mw_20210503_importscript">“[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Manual:importTextFiles.php]”. (n.d.). ''mediawiki.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230511034812/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Archived] from the original on [[2023-05-11]].</ref>
*'''(02:15+00)''': Create [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries]] to note online galleries posted by me in case I get into the habit of using [[fgallery]] to generate more galleries.

==2023-07-09==
2023-W27-7, 2023-190, Sun

[[File:SouthPW model.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2020-07-11]]: An image of the [[South Pole Wall]]. Image Copyright 2020 [[Daniel Pomarède]] / [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/cnil.php CEA].]]

*'''00:45-07 (07:45+00)''': I published a [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/943733 comment] on [[sopuli.xyz]] about a 3D map of the [[Lanikea Supercluster]] and its position in relation to the [[South Pole Wall]]. I then did a [[reverse image search]] and found that a copy of a similar image had been uploaded to [[Wikimedia Commons]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SouthPW_model.jpg here]. I dove into the [[CEA]] [[IRFU]] website and found [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 this] article published on [[2020-07-11]] talking about an article authored by [[Daniel Pomarède]] that uses the image in question among others. I couldn't find an indication that Pomarède's images were published under a {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}} license as indicated by the Wikimedia Commons image page so I sent an email to Pomarède asking if he could release the images under CC BY-SA 4.0. At the very least I'd like to communicate my interest and the interest of others regarding the 3D map.
*'''(08:04+00)''': I noted the details of the paper by Pomarède on the [[South Pole Wall]] and a [[CEA]] article containing images about the research.<ref name="pomarede_2020_southpolewall">[[Daniel Pomarède|Pomarède, Daniel]]; et al. ([[2020]]). “[https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952 Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall]”. ''[[The Astrophysical Journal]]''. Volume 897, Number 2. DOI: <code>https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952</code> .</ref><ref name="cea_20200711_southpolewall">“[https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 The South Pole Wall: cosmic winter is coming]”. ([[2020-07-11]]). ''irfu.cea.fr''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005408/https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-03]]. </ref>
*'''(01:28+00)''': I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110687190088632710 posted] a summary of my impression of the first episode of [[The Gene of AI]] (AI no Idenshi). I summarized it as “transhuman-quandary-of-the-week”.

==2023-07-10==
2023-W28-1, 2023-191, Mon

* '''(11:40+00)''': [[BK-2023-05]]: I initialized a project to track a repository recording notes for my learning of the [[C programming language]]. I made a [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/BK-2023-05 repository] on [[GitLab]].
* '''(22:54+00)''': I found a paper by a [[Phil Salvador]] [https://digipres.club/@shadsy/110690788613982375 linked] in my [[Mastodon]] feed that empirically studies the availability of classic video games; basically, video games availability is declining at a rate similar to [[World War II]] audio films or American silent-era films.<ref name="howard_20230710_videogamereissue">[[Phil Howard]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7996492 Survey of the Video Game Reissue Market in the United States]”. ''Zenodo''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710160335/https://zenodo.org/record/7996492/files/Survey%20of%20the%20Video%20Game%20Reissue%20Market%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf?download=1 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]].</ref><ref name="vghf_20230710_87pcmissing">[[Kelsey Lewin]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ 87% Missing: the Disappearance of Classic Video Games]”. ''Video Game History Foundation''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710215732/https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]]. </ref>

==2023-07-11==
2023-W28-2, 2023-192, Tue

==2023-07-12==
2023-W28-3, 2023-193, Wed

==2023-07-13==
2023-W28-4, 2023-194, Thu

==2023-07-14==
2023-W28-5, 2023-195, Fri

*'''02:05-07 (09:05+00)''': The [[Chandrayaan-3]] launch succeeded.<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch" />
*'''04:45-07 (11:45+00)''': I saw [https://twit.social/@AkaSci@fosstodon.org/110712252489940553 news] of the [[Chandrayaan-3]], a lunar lander exploration mission by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]. The launch used an [[LVM3-M4]] rocket which launched at [[2023-07-14]]T14:35+05:30 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], north of [[Chennai]].<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch">“[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live Updates: Soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 planned at 5.47 pm on August 23, says ISRO chief]”. ([[2023-07-14]]). ''The Times of India''. Accessed [[2023-07-14]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Archived] on [[2023-07-14]]. “Chandrayaan 3 Live Updates: The wait is over as the GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle lifted off sucessfully from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]’s [[Sriharikota]] as per scheduled launch time.The journey from [[Earth]] to the [[moon]] for the spacecraft is estimated to take about a month and the landing is expected on [[2023-08-23|August 23]]. Upon landing, it will operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days. One day on the Moon is equal to 14 days on Earth. [[Chandrayaan-3]], [[India]]’s third lunar exploration mission, will make India the fourth country after [[US]], [[China]], and [[Russia]], to land its spacecraft on the surface of the moon and demonstrate the country’s abilities for safe and soft landing on lunar surface.”</ref>
*: '''(14:09+00)''': I made a [[Lemmy]] [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/1131975 post] via [[sopuli.xyz]] with some background information and orbital mechanics animations.

==2023-07-15==
2023-W28-6, 2023-196, Sat

==2023-07-16==
2023-W28-7, 2023-197, Sun

*'''(06:58+00)''': I noticed my [[twit.social]] account had a notification in which [[Brewster Kahle]] [https://mastodon.archive.org/@brewsterkahle/110727062273748939 replied] to a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110703200776654222 toot] I made asking for something like the [[Internet Archive]] to scan in an [https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml archive] of [[19th century]] [[Texas]] government correspondence that I had found cited in [[Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers]]. The archive I found was titled “[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”.<ref name="taro_1943_texasadjutantgeneralcorresp">“[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”. ([[1943]]). ''txarchives.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-12]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070511/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/30004.xml Archived] from the original in [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070511/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/30004.xml XML] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070556/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/json/30004.json JSON] format on [[2023-07-17]]. </ref>

==2023-07-17==
2023-W29-1, 2023-198, Mon

==2023-07-18==
2023-W29-2, 2023-199, Tue

==2023-07-19==
2023-W29-3, 2023-200, Wed

==2023-07-20==
2023-W29-4, 2023-201, Thu

==2023-07-21==
2023-W29-5, 2023-202, Fri

==2023-07-22==
2023-W29-6, 2023-203, Sat

==2023-07-23==
2023-W29-7, 2023-204, Sun

==2023-07-24==
2023-W30-1, 2023-205, Mon

==2023-07-25==
2023-W30-2, 2023-206, Tue

==2023-07-26==
2023-W30-3, 2023-207, Wed

==2023-07-27==
2023-W30-4, 2023-208, Thu

==2023-07-28==
2023-W30-5, 2023-209, Fri

==2023-07-29==
2023-W30-6, 2023-210, Sat

==2023-07-30==
2023-W30-7, 2023-211, Sun

==2023-07-31==
2023-W31-1, 2023-212, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==
* [[2023]]
* [[Summary of months of 2023]]

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-07

2023-07-17T07:09:38Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2023-07-16 */

Journal for [[2023]]-07. Preceded by [[2023-06]]. Followed by [[2023-08]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-07-01==
2023-W26-6, 2023-182, Sat

* '''17:13-07 (00:13+00)''': [[BK-2021-09]]: Updated [[Notable Public Keys]] to include links to the [[PDF]]s, [[OpenPGP]] signatures, and [[OpenTimestamp]] attestation files for several versions of the Notable Public Keys book.

==2023-07-02==
2023-W26-7, 2023-183, Sun

==2023-07-03==
2023-W27-1, 2023-184, Mon

* Event: Full moon.

*'''19:41-07 (02:41+00)''': [[BK-2020-08-6]]; [[BK-2021-09]]: I uploaded a copy of the [[Notable Public Keys]] [[PGP]] keys to [[reboil.com]] [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230704..npk_v0.4.0_pgp_keys/ here] for future reference.

==2023-07-04==
2023-W27-2, 2023-185, Tue

==2023-07-05==
2023-W27-3, 2023-186, Wed

* '''22:05-07 (05:05+00)''': Created [[Template:Cc-by-sa-3.0-inline]] and [[Template:Cc-by-sa-4.0-inline]] for inserting [[Creative Commons]] copyright notices on some pages (especially images).
*'''(06:33+00)''': I posted a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110665684159420830 link] on [[Mastodon]] to my ''Cat and Bats'' [[Halloween]] poster I made on [[2022-10-31]]. I thought someone might find it enjoyable to print out and apply to their own front door.

==2023-07-06==
2023-W27-4, 2023-187, Thu

*'''03:22-07 (10:22+00)''': I made a [[Mastodon]] [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110666636102873099 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] was soon to start in [[Japan]] and included an [[mp4]] video clip of [[Haruhi]] explaining the link between the story of [[Orihime]] and [[Hikoboshi]] with the stars known as [[Vega]] and [[Altair]].
*'''03:39-07 (10:39+00)''': I made a Lemmy [https://lemmy.world/post/1092162 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] on a [[The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|Haruhi]] community.

==2023-07-07==
2023-W27-5, 2023-188, Fri

[[File:Tanabata tanzaku.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2023-07-07]]: Tanabata tanzaku at the Portland Japanese Garden. Image by {{bk}} / {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}}.]]

* I visited the [[Portland Japanese Garden]] for [[Tanabata]]. See [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20230707_20230707..tanabata_at_portland_japanese_garden/index.html this] [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries|photo gallery]] made using [[fgallery]].

==2023-07-08==
2023-W27-6, 2023-189, Sat

*'''05:54-07 (12:54+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I wrote and published [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/0b312d906ba5d20fa1e6a9ee299b59ffeabeca9c/user/bkphotorights <code>bkphotorights</code>], a script to add [[Creative Commons]] metadata to a photo via [[command line]]. I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110678492435591456 linked] the [[GitLab]] copy on my [[Mastodon]] account.
*'''17:42-07 (00:42+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I created [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months.sh</code>] and [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months_range.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months_range.sh</code>], scripts to automatically generate summaries of monthly journals for ranges of years. The summary pages can be found via the category page: [[:Category:Monthly summaries by year]]. I imported them to the [[reboil.com wiki]] via <code>importTextFiles.php</code>.<ref name="mw_20210503_importscript">“[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Manual:importTextFiles.php]”. (n.d.). ''mediawiki.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230511034812/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Archived] from the original on [[2023-05-11]].</ref>
*'''(02:15+00)''': Create [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries]] to note online galleries posted by me in case I get into the habit of using [[fgallery]] to generate more galleries.

==2023-07-09==
2023-W27-7, 2023-190, Sun

[[File:SouthPW model.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2020-07-11]]: An image of the [[South Pole Wall]]. Image Copyright 2020 [[Daniel Pomarède]] / [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/cnil.php CEA].]]

*'''00:45-07 (07:45+00)''': I published a [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/943733 comment] on [[sopuli.xyz]] about a 3D map of the [[Lanikea Supercluster]] and its position in relation to the [[South Pole Wall]]. I then did a [[reverse image search]] and found that a copy of a similar image had been uploaded to [[Wikimedia Commons]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SouthPW_model.jpg here]. I dove into the [[CEA]] [[IRFU]] website and found [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 this] article published on [[2020-07-11]] talking about an article authored by [[Daniel Pomarède]] that uses the image in question among others. I couldn't find an indication that Pomarède's images were published under a {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}} license as indicated by the Wikimedia Commons image page so I sent an email to Pomarède asking if he could release the images under CC BY-SA 4.0. At the very least I'd like to communicate my interest and the interest of others regarding the 3D map.
*'''(08:04+00)''': I noted the details of the paper by Pomarède on the [[South Pole Wall]] and a [[CEA]] article containing images about the research.<ref name="pomarede_2020_southpolewall">[[Daniel Pomarède|Pomarède, Daniel]]; et al. ([[2020]]). “[https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952 Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall]”. ''[[The Astrophysical Journal]]''. Volume 897, Number 2. DOI: <code>https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952</code> .</ref><ref name="cea_20200711_southpolewall">“[https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 The South Pole Wall: cosmic winter is coming]”. ([[2020-07-11]]). ''irfu.cea.fr''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005408/https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-03]]. </ref>
*'''(01:28+00)''': I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110687190088632710 posted] a summary of my impression of the first episode of [[The Gene of AI]] (AI no Idenshi). I summarized it as “transhuman-quandary-of-the-week”.

==2023-07-10==
2023-W28-1, 2023-191, Mon

* '''(11:40+00)''': [[BK-2023-05]]: I initialized a project to track a repository recording notes for my learning of the [[C programming language]]. I made a [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/BK-2023-05 repository] on [[GitLab]].
* '''(22:54+00)''': I found a paper by a [[Phil Salvador]] [https://digipres.club/@shadsy/110690788613982375 linked] in my [[Mastodon]] feed that empirically studies the availability of classic video games; basically, video games availability is declining at a rate similar to [[World War II]] audio films or American silent-era films.<ref name="howard_20230710_videogamereissue">[[Phil Howard]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7996492 Survey of the Video Game Reissue Market in the United States]”. ''Zenodo''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710160335/https://zenodo.org/record/7996492/files/Survey%20of%20the%20Video%20Game%20Reissue%20Market%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf?download=1 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]].</ref><ref name="vghf_20230710_87pcmissing">[[Kelsey Lewin]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ 87% Missing: the Disappearance of Classic Video Games]”. ''Video Game History Foundation''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710215732/https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]]. </ref>

==2023-07-11==
2023-W28-2, 2023-192, Tue

==2023-07-12==
2023-W28-3, 2023-193, Wed

==2023-07-13==
2023-W28-4, 2023-194, Thu

==2023-07-14==
2023-W28-5, 2023-195, Fri

*'''02:05-07 (09:05+00)''': The [[Chandrayaan-3]] launch succeeded.<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch" />
*'''04:45-07 (11:45+00)''': I saw [https://twit.social/@AkaSci@fosstodon.org/110712252489940553 news] of the [[Chandrayaan-3]], a lunar lander exploration mission by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]. The launch used an [[LVM3-M4]] rocket which launched at [[2023-07-14]]T14:35+05:30 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], north of [[Chennai]].<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch">“[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live Updates: Soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 planned at 5.47 pm on August 23, says ISRO chief]”. ([[2023-07-14]]). ''The Times of India''. Accessed [[2023-07-14]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Archived] on [[2023-07-14]]. “Chandrayaan 3 Live Updates: The wait is over as the GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle lifted off sucessfully from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]’s [[Sriharikota]] as per scheduled launch time.The journey from [[Earth]] to the [[moon]] for the spacecraft is estimated to take about a month and the landing is expected on [[2023-08-23|August 23]]. Upon landing, it will operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days. One day on the Moon is equal to 14 days on Earth. [[Chandrayaan-3]], [[India]]’s third lunar exploration mission, will make India the fourth country after [[US]], [[China]], and [[Russia]], to land its spacecraft on the surface of the moon and demonstrate the country’s abilities for safe and soft landing on lunar surface.”</ref>
*: '''(14:09+00)''': I made a [[Lemmy]] [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/1131975 post] via [[sopuli.xyz]] with some background information and orbital mechanics animations.

==2023-07-15==
2023-W28-6, 2023-196, Sat

==2023-07-16==
2023-W28-7, 2023-197, Sun

*'''(06:58+00)''': I noticed my [[twit.social]] account had a notification in which [[Brewster Kahle]] [https://mastodon.archive.org/@brewsterkahle/110727062273748939 replied] to a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110703200776654222 toot] I made asking for something like the [[Internet Archive]] to scan in an [https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml archive] of [[19th century]] [[Texas]] government correspondence that I had found cited in [[Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers]]. The archive I found was titled “[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”.<ref name="taro_1943_texasadjutantgeneralcorresp">“[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”. ([[1943]]). ''txarchives.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-12]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070511/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/30004.xml Archived] from the original in [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070511/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/30004.xml XML] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070556/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/json/30004.json JSON] format on [[2023-07-17]]. </ref>

==2023-07-17==
2023-W29-1, 2023-198, Mon

==2023-07-18==
2023-W29-2, 2023-199, Tue

==2023-07-19==
2023-W29-3, 2023-200, Wed

==2023-07-20==
2023-W29-4, 2023-201, Thu

==2023-07-21==
2023-W29-5, 2023-202, Fri

==2023-07-22==
2023-W29-6, 2023-203, Sat

==2023-07-23==
2023-W29-7, 2023-204, Sun

==2023-07-24==
2023-W30-1, 2023-205, Mon

==2023-07-25==
2023-W30-2, 2023-206, Tue

==2023-07-26==
2023-W30-3, 2023-207, Wed

==2023-07-27==
2023-W30-4, 2023-208, Thu

==2023-07-28==
2023-W30-5, 2023-209, Fri

==2023-07-29==
2023-W30-6, 2023-210, Sat

==2023-07-30==
2023-W30-7, 2023-211, Sun

==2023-07-31==
2023-W31-1, 2023-212, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

2023-07

2023-07-17T07:06:37Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 2023-07-16 */ Note reply from Brewster Kahle about Texas offline documents

Journal for [[2023]]-07. Preceded by [[2023-06]]. Followed by [[2023-08]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==2023-07-01==
2023-W26-6, 2023-182, Sat

* '''17:13-07 (00:13+00)''': [[BK-2021-09]]: Updated [[Notable Public Keys]] to include links to the [[PDF]]s, [[OpenPGP]] signatures, and [[OpenTimestamp]] attestation files for several versions of the Notable Public Keys book.

==2023-07-02==
2023-W26-7, 2023-183, Sun

==2023-07-03==
2023-W27-1, 2023-184, Mon

* Event: Full moon.

*'''19:41-07 (02:41+00)''': [[BK-2020-08-6]]; [[BK-2021-09]]: I uploaded a copy of the [[Notable Public Keys]] [[PGP]] keys to [[reboil.com]] [https://reboil.com/res/2023/txt/20230704..npk_v0.4.0_pgp_keys/ here] for future reference.

==2023-07-04==
2023-W27-2, 2023-185, Tue

==2023-07-05==
2023-W27-3, 2023-186, Wed

* '''22:05-07 (05:05+00)''': Created [[Template:Cc-by-sa-3.0-inline]] and [[Template:Cc-by-sa-4.0-inline]] for inserting [[Creative Commons]] copyright notices on some pages (especially images).
*'''(06:33+00)''': I posted a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110665684159420830 link] on [[Mastodon]] to my ''Cat and Bats'' [[Halloween]] poster I made on [[2022-10-31]]. I thought someone might find it enjoyable to print out and apply to their own front door.

==2023-07-06==
2023-W27-4, 2023-187, Thu

*'''03:22-07 (10:22+00)''': I made a [[Mastodon]] [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110666636102873099 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] was soon to start in [[Japan]] and included an [[mp4]] video clip of [[Haruhi]] explaining the link between the story of [[Orihime]] and [[Hikoboshi]] with the stars known as [[Vega]] and [[Altair]].
*'''03:39-07 (10:39+00)''': I made a Lemmy [https://lemmy.world/post/1092162 post] announcing [[Tanabata]] on a [[The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya|Haruhi]] community.

==2023-07-07==
2023-W27-5, 2023-188, Fri

[[File:Tanabata tanzaku.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2023-07-07]]: Tanabata tanzaku at the Portland Japanese Garden. Image by {{bk}} / {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}}.]]

* I visited the [[Portland Japanese Garden]] for [[Tanabata]]. See [https://reboil.com/res/2023/img/20230707_20230707..tanabata_at_portland_japanese_garden/index.html this] [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries|photo gallery]] made using [[fgallery]].

==2023-07-08==
2023-W27-6, 2023-189, Sat

*'''05:54-07 (12:54+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I wrote and published [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/0b312d906ba5d20fa1e6a9ee299b59ffeabeca9c/user/bkphotorights <code>bkphotorights</code>], a script to add [[Creative Commons]] metadata to a photo via [[command line]]. I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110678492435591456 linked] the [[GitLab]] copy on my [[Mastodon]] account.
*'''17:42-07 (00:42+00)''': [[BK-2020-03]]: I created [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months.sh</code>] and [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev/-/blob/c29ceab614be5d9d36b3a7c816dbe441329902e4/user/mw_create_summary_months_range.sh <code>mw_create_summary_months_range.sh</code>], scripts to automatically generate summaries of monthly journals for ranges of years. The summary pages can be found via the category page: [[:Category:Monthly summaries by year]]. I imported them to the [[reboil.com wiki]] via <code>importTextFiles.php</code>.<ref name="mw_20210503_importscript">“[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Manual:importTextFiles.php]”. (n.d.). ''mediawiki.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230511034812/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ImportTextFiles.php Archived] from the original on [[2023-05-11]].</ref>
*'''(02:15+00)''': Create [[List of Baltakatei photo galleries]] to note online galleries posted by me in case I get into the habit of using [[fgallery]] to generate more galleries.

==2023-07-09==
2023-W27-7, 2023-190, Sun

[[File:SouthPW model.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[2020-07-11]]: An image of the [[South Pole Wall]]. Image Copyright 2020 [[Daniel Pomarède]] / [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/cnil.php CEA].]]

*'''00:45-07 (07:45+00)''': I published a [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/943733 comment] on [[sopuli.xyz]] about a 3D map of the [[Lanikea Supercluster]] and its position in relation to the [[South Pole Wall]]. I then did a [[reverse image search]] and found that a copy of a similar image had been uploaded to [[Wikimedia Commons]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SouthPW_model.jpg here]. I dove into the [[CEA]] [[IRFU]] website and found [https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 this] article published on [[2020-07-11]] talking about an article authored by [[Daniel Pomarède]] that uses the image in question among others. I couldn't find an indication that Pomarède's images were published under a {{cc-by-sa-4.0-inline}} license as indicated by the Wikimedia Commons image page so I sent an email to Pomarède asking if he could release the images under CC BY-SA 4.0. At the very least I'd like to communicate my interest and the interest of others regarding the 3D map.
*'''(08:04+00)''': I noted the details of the paper by Pomarède on the [[South Pole Wall]] and a [[CEA]] article containing images about the research.<ref name="pomarede_2020_southpolewall">[[Daniel Pomarède|Pomarède, Daniel]]; et al. ([[2020]]). “[https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952 Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall]”. ''[[The Astrophysical Journal]]''. Volume 897, Number 2. DOI: <code>https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952</code> .</ref><ref name="cea_20200711_southpolewall">“[https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 The South Pole Wall: cosmic winter is coming]”. ([[2020-07-11]]). ''irfu.cea.fr''. Accessed [[2023-07-08]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005408/https://irfu.cea.fr/en/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php?t=fait_marquant&id_ast=4808 Archived] from the original on [[2023-06-03]]. </ref>
*'''(01:28+00)''': I [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110687190088632710 posted] a summary of my impression of the first episode of [[The Gene of AI]] (AI no Idenshi). I summarized it as “transhuman-quandary-of-the-week”.

==2023-07-10==
2023-W28-1, 2023-191, Mon

* '''(11:40+00)''': [[BK-2023-05]]: I initialized a project to track a repository recording notes for my learning of the [[C programming language]]. I made a [https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/BK-2023-05 repository] on [[GitLab]].
* '''(22:54+00)''': I found a paper by a [[Phil Salvador]] [https://digipres.club/@shadsy/110690788613982375 linked] in my [[Mastodon]] feed that empirically studies the availability of classic video games; basically, video games availability is declining at a rate similar to [[World War II]] audio films or American silent-era films.<ref name="howard_20230710_videogamereissue">[[Phil Howard]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7996492 Survey of the Video Game Reissue Market in the United States]”. ''Zenodo''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710160335/https://zenodo.org/record/7996492/files/Survey%20of%20the%20Video%20Game%20Reissue%20Market%20in%20the%20United%20States.pdf?download=1 Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]].</ref><ref name="vghf_20230710_87pcmissing">[[Kelsey Lewin]]. ([[2023-07-10]]). “[https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ 87% Missing: the Disappearance of Classic Video Games]”. ''Video Game History Foundation''. Accessed [[2023-07-10]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710215732/https://gamehistory.org/87percent/ Archived] from the original on [[2023-07-10]]. </ref>

==2023-07-11==
2023-W28-2, 2023-192, Tue

==2023-07-12==
2023-W28-3, 2023-193, Wed

==2023-07-13==
2023-W28-4, 2023-194, Thu

==2023-07-14==
2023-W28-5, 2023-195, Fri

*'''02:05-07 (09:05+00)''': The [[Chandrayaan-3]] launch succeeded.<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch" />
*'''04:45-07 (11:45+00)''': I saw [https://twit.social/@AkaSci@fosstodon.org/110712252489940553 news] of the [[Chandrayaan-3]], a lunar lander exploration mission by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]. The launch used an [[LVM3-M4]] rocket which launched at [[2023-07-14]]T14:35+05:30 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], north of [[Chennai]].<ref name="toi_20230714_lunarprobelaunch">“[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live Updates: Soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 planned at 5.47 pm on August 23, says ISRO chief]”. ([[2023-07-14]]). ''The Times of India''. Accessed [[2023-07-14]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web/20230714115908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms Archived] on [[2023-07-14]]. “Chandrayaan 3 Live Updates: The wait is over as the GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle lifted off sucessfully from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]’s [[Sriharikota]] as per scheduled launch time.The journey from [[Earth]] to the [[moon]] for the spacecraft is estimated to take about a month and the landing is expected on [[2023-08-23|August 23]]. Upon landing, it will operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days. One day on the Moon is equal to 14 days on Earth. [[Chandrayaan-3]], [[India]]’s third lunar exploration mission, will make India the fourth country after [[US]], [[China]], and [[Russia]], to land its spacecraft on the surface of the moon and demonstrate the country’s abilities for safe and soft landing on lunar surface.”</ref>
*: '''(14:09+00)''': I made a [[Lemmy]] [https://sopuli.xyz/comment/1131975 post] via [[sopuli.xyz]] with some background information and orbital mechanics animations.

==2023-07-15==
2023-W28-6, 2023-196, Sat

==2023-07-16==
2023-W28-7, 2023-197, Sun

*'''(06:58+00)''': I noticed my [[twit.social]] account had a notification in which [[Brewster Kahle]] [https://mastodon.archive.org/@brewsterkahle/110727062273748939 replied] to a [https://twit.social/@baltakatei/110703200776654222 toot] I made asking for something like the [[Internet Archive]] to scan in an [https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml archive] of [[19th century]] [[Texas]] government correspondence that I had found cited in [[Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers]]. The archive I found was titled “[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”.<ref name="taro_1943_texasadjutantgeneralcorresp">“[https://txarchives.org/tslac/finding_aids/30004.xml Texas Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence: An Inventory of Adjutant General's Department Departmental Correspondence at the Texas State Archives, 1846-1943, bulk 1861-1933]”. ([[1943]]). ''txarchives.org''. Accessed [[2023-07-12]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230717070511/https://txarchives.org/admin/tslac/30004.xml Archived] from the original in [[XML]] format on [[2023-07-17]]. </ref>

==2023-07-17==
2023-W29-1, 2023-198, Mon

==2023-07-18==
2023-W29-2, 2023-199, Tue

==2023-07-19==
2023-W29-3, 2023-200, Wed

==2023-07-20==
2023-W29-4, 2023-201, Thu

==2023-07-21==
2023-W29-5, 2023-202, Fri

==2023-07-22==
2023-W29-6, 2023-203, Sat

==2023-07-23==
2023-W29-7, 2023-204, Sun

==2023-07-24==
2023-W30-1, 2023-205, Mon

==2023-07-25==
2023-W30-2, 2023-206, Tue

==2023-07-26==
2023-W30-3, 2023-207, Wed

==2023-07-27==
2023-W30-4, 2023-208, Thu

==2023-07-28==
2023-W30-5, 2023-209, Fri

==2023-07-29==
2023-W30-6, 2023-210, Sat

==2023-07-30==
2023-W30-7, 2023-211, Sun

==2023-07-31==
2023-W31-1, 2023-212, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==
* {{bk wikis}}

[[Category:Journals by month]]

Main Page

2023-05-08T20:48:07Z

Tsijuzarci: /* Journals */

<div id="mp-topbanner" style="clear:both; position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; margin:1.2em 0 6px; min-width:47em; border:1px solid #ddd; background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#000; white-space:nowrap;">

<div style="margin:0.4em; width:22em; text-align:center;">
<div style="font-size:162%; padding:.1em;">[[reboil.com wiki]],</div>
<div style="font-size:95%;">the public [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki wiki] of<br/>[[Steven William Baltakatei Sandoval]].</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles exist.</div>
</div>

<ul style="position:absolute; right:-1em; top:50%; margin-top:-2.4em; width:38%; min-width:25em; font-size:95%;">
<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:0;">[[Blank]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:1.6em;">[[Special:Categories|Categories]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:3.2em;">[[Devices]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:0;">[[Journals | Journals]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:1.6em;">[[Blank]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:3.2em;">[[Blank]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:0;">[[Reference]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:1.6em;">[[Blank]]</li>
<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:3.2em;">[[Projects]]</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>

The '''[[reboil.com wiki]]''' is a public [[Mediawiki]] instance for [[User:Baltakatei]] meant for publishing documentation and commentary on various projects and topics.

==Projects==
* [[BK-2020-03]]: {{bk}}'s Executable Development ([https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/baltakatei-exdev gitlab])
* [[BK-2020-08-1]]: {{bk}}'s [[Ikiwiki]] blog. ([https://reboil.com/ikiwiki/blog/ link])
* [[BK-2020-08-3]]: {{bk}}'s [[TeXmacs]] articles ([https://reboil.com/texmacs/ link]).
* [[BK-2020-08-6]]: Reboil.com static resource repository. ([https://reboil.com/res/ link])
* [[BK-2020-09]]: {{bk}}'s [[Wikipedia]] edits ([https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/BK-2020-09 gitlab])
* [[BK-2021-07-1]]: {{bk}}'s transcription of [[DeVoe's Thermodynamics and Chemistry]] textbook ([https://reboil.com/thermobook.pdf PDF]).
* [[BK-2021-09]]: {{bk}}'s [[Notable Public Keys]] book. ([https://reboil.com/npk.pdf PDF])
* [[BK-2023-03]]: Member list of the [[Authors Guild]]. ([https://reboil.com/gitweb/BK-2023-03.git gitweb])
* [[EVA-2020-02]]: Ninfacyzga-1 environment sensor ([https://gitlab.com/baltakatei/ninfacyzga-01 gitlab])

==Journals==
* [[2023-05|May 2023]]
* [[2023-04|April 2023]]
* [[2023-03|March 2023]]

==See Also==
* [[Special:EditPage]]: Make or edit a page.
* [[Main Page boilerplate]]
* [[User:Baltakatei/Sandbox]]

1851-03

2023-04-16T00:10:17Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 1851-03-09 */

Journal for [[1851]]-03. Preceded by [[1851-02]]. Followed by [[1851-04]].

==Events==
* [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] photographed the [[Moon]] in [[daguerreotype]] format using [[Harvard College]]'s [[Great Refractor]] telescope. The daguerreotype was displayed at the [[Great Exhibition]] in [[Hyde Park]] later the same year. Given the fact that a full moon occurred on [[1851-03-17]]T13:19+00, the daguerreotype's depiction of the Moon being slightly on the ''waxing gibbous'' side of a first quarter moon, subtracting 7.38 days from this time (25% of a Moon's [[synodic orbital period]] of 29.531 days), [[I]] estimate the time the photograph was taken was plus-or-minus a few hours around [[1851-03-09]]T23:03-06:59, the rough time of [[New York City]] which is located 230 km west of [[Harvard College]] in [[Boston]] with both cities around 41° North latitude. An orbital mechanics model capable of determining historical celestial object locations in the night sky of any location on Earth should be able to give more accurate results. However, I believe the photograph was taken some time after sundown of [[1851-03-09]] or before sunrise [[1851-03-10]].

==Tasks==

==1851-03-01==
1851-W09-6, 1851-060, Sat

==1851-03-02==
1851-W09-7, 1851-061, Sun

==1851-03-03==
1851-W10-1, 1851-062, Mon

==1851-03-04==
1851-W10-2, 1851-063, Tue

==1851-03-05==
1851-W10-3, 1851-064, Wed

==1851-03-06==
1851-W10-4, 1851-065, Thu

==1851-03-07==
1851-W10-5, 1851-066, Fri

==1851-03-08==
1851-W10-6, 1851-067, Sat

==1851-03-09==
1851-W10-7, 1851-068, Sun
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]
*'''23:03-04:56 (04:00+00) (~)''': Sometime on the local night of [[1851-03-09]] at [[Harvard College]]'s [[Great Refractor]] telescope in [[Boston]], [[John Adams Whipple]] captured a [[daguerreotype]] of the [[Moon]] at a slightly [[waxing gibbous]] first quarter state. The date of [[1851-03-09]] was calculated given a full moon occurring on [[1851-07-17]]T13:19+00.

==1851-03-10==
1851-W11-1, 1851-069, Mon

==1851-03-11==
1851-W11-2, 1851-070, Tue

==1851-03-12==
1851-W11-3, 1851-071, Wed

==1851-03-13==
1851-W11-4, 1851-072, Thu

==1851-03-14==
1851-W11-5, 1851-073, Fri

==1851-03-15==
1851-W11-6, 1851-074, Sat

==1851-03-16==
1851-W11-7, 1851-075, Sun

==1851-03-17==
1851-W12-1, 1851-076, Mon

==1851-03-18==
1851-W12-2, 1851-077, Tue

==1851-03-19==
1851-W12-3, 1851-078, Wed

==1851-03-20==
1851-W12-4, 1851-079, Thu

==1851-03-21==
1851-W12-5, 1851-080, Fri

==1851-03-22==
1851-W12-6, 1851-081, Sat

==1851-03-23==
1851-W12-7, 1851-082, Sun

==1851-03-24==
1851-W13-1, 1851-083, Mon

==1851-03-25==
1851-W13-2, 1851-084, Tue

==1851-03-26==
1851-W13-3, 1851-085, Wed

==1851-03-27==
1851-W13-4, 1851-086, Thu

==1851-03-28==
1851-W13-5, 1851-087, Fri

==1851-03-29==
1851-W13-6, 1851-088, Sat

==1851-03-30==
1851-W13-7, 1851-089, Sun

==1851-03-31==
1851-W14-1, 1851-090, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

1851-03

2023-04-16T00:09:28Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 1851-03-09 */

Journal for [[1851]]-03. Preceded by [[1851-02]]. Followed by [[1851-04]].

==Events==
* [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] photographed the [[Moon]] in [[daguerreotype]] format using [[Harvard College]]'s [[Great Refractor]] telescope. The daguerreotype was displayed at the [[Great Exhibition]] in [[Hyde Park]] later the same year. Given the fact that a full moon occurred on [[1851-03-17]]T13:19+00, the daguerreotype's depiction of the Moon being slightly on the ''waxing gibbous'' side of a first quarter moon, subtracting 7.38 days from this time (25% of a Moon's [[synodic orbital period]] of 29.531 days), [[I]] estimate the time the photograph was taken was plus-or-minus a few hours around [[1851-03-09]]T23:03-06:59, the rough time of [[New York City]] which is located 230 km west of [[Harvard College]] in [[Boston]] with both cities around 41° North latitude. An orbital mechanics model capable of determining historical celestial object locations in the night sky of any location on Earth should be able to give more accurate results. However, I believe the photograph was taken some time after sundown of [[1851-03-09]] or before sunrise [[1851-03-10]].

==Tasks==

==1851-03-01==
1851-W09-6, 1851-060, Sat

==1851-03-02==
1851-W09-7, 1851-061, Sun

==1851-03-03==
1851-W10-1, 1851-062, Mon

==1851-03-04==
1851-W10-2, 1851-063, Tue

==1851-03-05==
1851-W10-3, 1851-064, Wed

==1851-03-06==
1851-W10-4, 1851-065, Thu

==1851-03-07==
1851-W10-5, 1851-066, Fri

==1851-03-08==
1851-W10-6, 1851-067, Sat

==1851-03-09==
1851-W10-7, 1851-068, Sun
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]
*'''23:03-04:56 (04:00+00) (~)''': Sometime on the local night of [[Boston]], [[John Adams Whipple]] captured a [[daguerreotype]] of the [[Moon]] at a slightly [[waxing gibbous]] first quarter state. The date of [[1851-03-09]] was calculated given a full moon occurring on [[1851-07-17]]T13:19+00.

==1851-03-10==
1851-W11-1, 1851-069, Mon

==1851-03-11==
1851-W11-2, 1851-070, Tue

==1851-03-12==
1851-W11-3, 1851-071, Wed

==1851-03-13==
1851-W11-4, 1851-072, Thu

==1851-03-14==
1851-W11-5, 1851-073, Fri

==1851-03-15==
1851-W11-6, 1851-074, Sat

==1851-03-16==
1851-W11-7, 1851-075, Sun

==1851-03-17==
1851-W12-1, 1851-076, Mon

==1851-03-18==
1851-W12-2, 1851-077, Tue

==1851-03-19==
1851-W12-3, 1851-078, Wed

==1851-03-20==
1851-W12-4, 1851-079, Thu

==1851-03-21==
1851-W12-5, 1851-080, Fri

==1851-03-22==
1851-W12-6, 1851-081, Sat

==1851-03-23==
1851-W12-7, 1851-082, Sun

==1851-03-24==
1851-W13-1, 1851-083, Mon

==1851-03-25==
1851-W13-2, 1851-084, Tue

==1851-03-26==
1851-W13-3, 1851-085, Wed

==1851-03-27==
1851-W13-4, 1851-086, Thu

==1851-03-28==
1851-W13-5, 1851-087, Fri

==1851-03-29==
1851-W13-6, 1851-088, Sat

==1851-03-30==
1851-W13-7, 1851-089, Sun

==1851-03-31==
1851-W14-1, 1851-090, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

1851-03

2023-04-16T00:04:49Z

Tsijuzarci: /* Events */

Journal for [[1851]]-03. Preceded by [[1851-02]]. Followed by [[1851-04]].

==Events==
* [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] photographed the [[Moon]] in [[daguerreotype]] format using [[Harvard College]]'s [[Great Refractor]] telescope. The daguerreotype was displayed at the [[Great Exhibition]] in [[Hyde Park]] later the same year. Given the fact that a full moon occurred on [[1851-03-17]]T13:19+00, the daguerreotype's depiction of the Moon being slightly on the ''waxing gibbous'' side of a first quarter moon, subtracting 7.38 days from this time (25% of a Moon's [[synodic orbital period]] of 29.531 days), [[I]] estimate the time the photograph was taken was plus-or-minus a few hours around [[1851-03-09]]T23:03-06:59, the rough time of [[New York City]] which is located 230 km west of [[Harvard College]] in [[Boston]] with both cities around 41° North latitude. An orbital mechanics model capable of determining historical celestial object locations in the night sky of any location on Earth should be able to give more accurate results. However, I believe the photograph was taken some time after sundown of [[1851-03-09]] or before sunrise [[1851-03-10]].

==Tasks==

==1851-03-01==
1851-W09-6, 1851-060, Sat

==1851-03-02==
1851-W09-7, 1851-061, Sun

==1851-03-03==
1851-W10-1, 1851-062, Mon

==1851-03-04==
1851-W10-2, 1851-063, Tue

==1851-03-05==
1851-W10-3, 1851-064, Wed

==1851-03-06==
1851-W10-4, 1851-065, Thu

==1851-03-07==
1851-W10-5, 1851-066, Fri

==1851-03-08==
1851-W10-6, 1851-067, Sat

==1851-03-09==
1851-W10-7, 1851-068, Sun

==1851-03-10==
1851-W11-1, 1851-069, Mon

==1851-03-11==
1851-W11-2, 1851-070, Tue

==1851-03-12==
1851-W11-3, 1851-071, Wed

==1851-03-13==
1851-W11-4, 1851-072, Thu

==1851-03-14==
1851-W11-5, 1851-073, Fri

==1851-03-15==
1851-W11-6, 1851-074, Sat

==1851-03-16==
1851-W11-7, 1851-075, Sun

==1851-03-17==
1851-W12-1, 1851-076, Mon

==1851-03-18==
1851-W12-2, 1851-077, Tue

==1851-03-19==
1851-W12-3, 1851-078, Wed

==1851-03-20==
1851-W12-4, 1851-079, Thu

==1851-03-21==
1851-W12-5, 1851-080, Fri

==1851-03-22==
1851-W12-6, 1851-081, Sat

==1851-03-23==
1851-W12-7, 1851-082, Sun

==1851-03-24==
1851-W13-1, 1851-083, Mon

==1851-03-25==
1851-W13-2, 1851-084, Tue

==1851-03-26==
1851-W13-3, 1851-085, Wed

==1851-03-27==
1851-W13-4, 1851-086, Thu

==1851-03-28==
1851-W13-5, 1851-087, Fri

==1851-03-29==
1851-W13-6, 1851-088, Sat

==1851-03-30==
1851-W13-7, 1851-089, Sun

==1851-03-31==
1851-W14-1, 1851-090, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

1851-03

2023-04-15T23:11:13Z

Tsijuzarci: /* Events */

Journal for [[1851]]-03. Preceded by [[1851-02]]. Followed by [[1851-04]].

==Events==
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]
* [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] photographed the [[Moon]] in [[daguerreotype]] format using [[Harvard College]]'s [[Great Refractor]] telescope. The daguerreotype was displayed at the [[Great Exhibition]] in [[Hyde Park]] later the same year.

==Tasks==

==1851-03-01==
1851-W09-6, 1851-060, Sat

==1851-03-02==
1851-W09-7, 1851-061, Sun

==1851-03-03==
1851-W10-1, 1851-062, Mon

==1851-03-04==
1851-W10-2, 1851-063, Tue

==1851-03-05==
1851-W10-3, 1851-064, Wed

==1851-03-06==
1851-W10-4, 1851-065, Thu

==1851-03-07==
1851-W10-5, 1851-066, Fri

==1851-03-08==
1851-W10-6, 1851-067, Sat

==1851-03-09==
1851-W10-7, 1851-068, Sun

==1851-03-10==
1851-W11-1, 1851-069, Mon

==1851-03-11==
1851-W11-2, 1851-070, Tue

==1851-03-12==
1851-W11-3, 1851-071, Wed

==1851-03-13==
1851-W11-4, 1851-072, Thu

==1851-03-14==
1851-W11-5, 1851-073, Fri

==1851-03-15==
1851-W11-6, 1851-074, Sat

==1851-03-16==
1851-W11-7, 1851-075, Sun

==1851-03-17==
1851-W12-1, 1851-076, Mon

==1851-03-18==
1851-W12-2, 1851-077, Tue

==1851-03-19==
1851-W12-3, 1851-078, Wed

==1851-03-20==
1851-W12-4, 1851-079, Thu

==1851-03-21==
1851-W12-5, 1851-080, Fri

==1851-03-22==
1851-W12-6, 1851-081, Sat

==1851-03-23==
1851-W12-7, 1851-082, Sun

==1851-03-24==
1851-W13-1, 1851-083, Mon

==1851-03-25==
1851-W13-2, 1851-084, Tue

==1851-03-26==
1851-W13-3, 1851-085, Wed

==1851-03-27==
1851-W13-4, 1851-086, Thu

==1851-03-28==
1851-W13-5, 1851-087, Fri

==1851-03-29==
1851-W13-6, 1851-088, Sat

==1851-03-30==
1851-W13-7, 1851-089, Sun

==1851-03-31==
1851-W14-1, 1851-090, Mon

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

Moon

2023-04-15T23:00:42Z

Tsijuzarci: Add Library of Congress copy of John Adams Whipple's 1851-03 daguerreotype of the moon.

[[File:FullMoon2020.tif|thumb|right|300px|The moon photographed on [[2020-08-03]] by [[Archituv]].]]

The '''moon''' is the only [[natural satellite]] orbiting [[Earth]]. The moon masses approximately 1.2% that of Earth even though it has a density 60.6% that of Earth. The moon orbits with a semi-major axis of 384399 kilometers, an [[eccentricity]] of 0.0549, and a [[synodic period]] of about 29.5 solar days on Earth. The moon may be visible from Earth's surface both night and day. Whiteish light reflected from its surface [[regolith]] offers some minimal visibility for [[homo sapiens]] at night when visibility is otherwise very poor for them, making nights with a [[full moon]] seem supernatural.

==Stats==

==History==
*[[1840-03-16]]: [[John William Draper]] took what in the [[2020s]] was believed to be the first [[daguerreotype]] [[photograph]] of the Moon.<ref name="themet_2023_1840drapermoon">“[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/789162 Moon]”. (n.d.). ''The Met''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201017145707/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/789162 Archived] from the original on [[2020-10-17]]. “Draper, a physician and professor of chemistry at New York University, was the first to produce a successful daguerreotype of the moon. On March 16, 1840, he wrote in his laboratory notebook, "This evening I exposed a prepared plate to the moonbeams which had been conveyed by a double convex lens." In this plate, a halo-like vignette encircles the image of the moon, creating a crescent shape that evokes the lunar phases. Despite his accomplishment, Draper’s efforts received only modest recognition from his contemporaries; until recently his lunar daguerreotypes were believed to be lost.”</ref>
*[[1851]]: [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] win a prize at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] in [[London]] for a [[daguerreotype]] of the Moon.<ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

=={{bk}} history==
*[[2023-04-15]]: Looked up references for when the first [[daguerreotype]] of the moon by [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] was displayed at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] in [[London]] which ran from [[1851-05-01]] to [[1851-10-15]]. Later, earlier daguerreotypes of the moon were discovered, namely one by [[John William Draper]].<ref name="themet_2023_1840drapermoon"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

==References==
<references>
</references>

William Cranch Bond

2023-04-15T22:54:09Z

Tsijuzarci: Add Library of Congress copy of John Adams Whipple's 1851-03 daguerreotype of the moon.

'''William Cranch Bond''' was notable for working with [[photographer]] [[John Adams Whipple]] to use [[Harvard College]]'s 's [[Great Refractor]] telescope to create a [[daguerreotype]] of [[Earth]]'s [[moon]] which won a prize in excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], making it one of the first popular examples of photography.

==Stats==

==History==
* [[1851]]: Their [[deguerreotype]] of the [[moon]], made in cooperation with their son [[George Phillips Bond]] and photographer [[John Adams Whipple]], won a prize for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]].<ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

=={{bk}} history==
* I looked up references for the [[Great Exhibition]] in the monthly journal for [[1851-05]], the month in which the Great Exhibition opened to the public.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

==References==
<references>
</references>

John Adams Whipple

2023-04-15T22:53:45Z

Tsijuzarci: Add Library of Congress copy of John Adams Whipple's 1851-03 daguerreotype of the moon.

'''John Adams Whipple''' was notable for working with [[Harvard College]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] to use the college's [[Great Refractor]] telescope to create a [[daguerreotype]] of [[Earth]]'s [[moon]] which won a prize in excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], making it one of the first popular examples of photography.

==Stats==

==History==
* [[1851]]: Their [[deguerreotype]] of the [[moon]], made in cooperation with [[William Cranch Bond]] and [[George Phillips Bond]], won a prize for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]].<ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

=={{bk}} history==
* I looked up references for the [[Great Exhibition]] in the monthly journal for [[1851-05]], the month in which the Great Exhibition opened to the public.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:{{PAGENAME}}]]

==External links==
* {{bk wikis}}

==References==
<references>
</references>

1851-05

2023-04-15T22:51:50Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 1851-05-01 */ Add Library of Congress copy of John Adams Whipple's 1851-03 daguerreotype of the moon.

Journal for [[1851]]-05. Preceded by [[1851-04]]. Followed by [[1851-06]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==1851-05-01==
1851-W18-4, 1851-121, Thu
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]

* This was the first day of the [[Great Exhibition]] within [[The Crystal Palace]] at [[Hyde Park, London]] in [[England]]. The event would run until [[1851-10-15]].
*: In [[Neal Stephenson]]'s fictional narrative [[The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.]], the Great Exhibition was the first widespread display of photographic technology (specifically, a [[daguerreotype]] of the [[moon]]) which, in the story, was a pivotal event that caused a decline in [[magic]] until causal isolation via superconductors were invented near the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
*: After some research, [[I]] found evidence in [[real life]] that a daguerreotype of the moon displayed at the Crystal Palace in 1851 by [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] which won a medal for excellence. The two were lauded for starting “a new era in astronomical representation”; the work was “extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across Europe”.<ref name="aps_201301_firstmoonphoto">“[https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm January 2, 1839: First Daguerreotype of the Moon]”. ([[2013-01]]). ''APS News''. Volume 22, Number 1. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130201073757/http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm Archived] from the original on [[2013-02-01]].</ref><ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

==1851-05-02==
1851-W18-5, 1851-122, Fri

==1851-05-03==
1851-W18-6, 1851-123, Sat

==1851-05-04==
1851-W18-7, 1851-124, Sun

==1851-05-05==
1851-W19-1, 1851-125, Mon

==1851-05-06==
1851-W19-2, 1851-126, Tue

==1851-05-07==
1851-W19-3, 1851-127, Wed

==1851-05-08==
1851-W19-4, 1851-128, Thu

==1851-05-09==
1851-W19-5, 1851-129, Fri

==1851-05-10==
1851-W19-6, 1851-130, Sat

==1851-05-11==
1851-W19-7, 1851-131, Sun

==1851-05-12==
1851-W20-1, 1851-132, Mon

==1851-05-13==
1851-W20-2, 1851-133, Tue

==1851-05-14==
1851-W20-3, 1851-134, Wed

==1851-05-15==
1851-W20-4, 1851-135, Thu

==1851-05-16==
1851-W20-5, 1851-136, Fri

==1851-05-17==
1851-W20-6, 1851-137, Sat

==1851-05-18==
1851-W20-7, 1851-138, Sun

==1851-05-19==
1851-W21-1, 1851-139, Mon

==1851-05-20==
1851-W21-2, 1851-140, Tue

==1851-05-21==
1851-W21-3, 1851-141, Wed

==1851-05-22==
1851-W21-4, 1851-142, Thu

==1851-05-23==
1851-W21-5, 1851-143, Fri

==1851-05-24==
1851-W21-6, 1851-144, Sat

==1851-05-25==
1851-W21-7, 1851-145, Sun

==1851-05-26==
1851-W22-1, 1851-146, Mon

==1851-05-27==
1851-W22-2, 1851-147, Tue

==1851-05-28==
1851-W22-3, 1851-148, Wed

==1851-05-29==
1851-W22-4, 1851-149, Thu

==1851-05-30==
1851-W22-5, 1851-150, Fri

==1851-05-31==
1851-W22-6, 1851-151, Sat

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

1851-05

2023-04-15T22:50:48Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 1851-05-01 */

Journal for [[1851]]-05. Preceded by [[1851-04]]. Followed by [[1851-06]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==1851-05-01==
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]
1851-W18-4, 1851-121, Thu

* This was the first day of the [[Great Exhibition]] within [[The Crystal Palace]] at [[Hyde Park, London]] in [[England]]. The event would run until [[1851-10-15]].
*: In [[Neal Stephenson]]'s fictional narrative [[The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.]], the Great Exhibition was the first widespread display of photographic technology (specifically, a [[daguerreotype]] of the [[moon]]) which, in the story, was a pivotal event that caused a decline in [[magic]] until causal isolation via superconductors were invented near the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
*: After some research, [[I]] found evidence in [[real life]] that a daguerreotype of the moon displayed at the Crystal Palace in 1851 by [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] which won a medal for excellence. The two were lauded for starting “a new era in astronomical representation”; the work was “extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across Europe”.<ref name="aps_201301_firstmoonphoto">“[https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm January 2, 1839: First Daguerreotype of the Moon]”. ([[2013-01]]). ''APS News''. Volume 22, Number 1. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130201073757/http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm Archived] from the original on [[2013-02-01]].</ref><ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

==1851-05-02==
1851-W18-5, 1851-122, Fri

==1851-05-03==
1851-W18-6, 1851-123, Sat

==1851-05-04==
1851-W18-7, 1851-124, Sun

==1851-05-05==
1851-W19-1, 1851-125, Mon

==1851-05-06==
1851-W19-2, 1851-126, Tue

==1851-05-07==
1851-W19-3, 1851-127, Wed

==1851-05-08==
1851-W19-4, 1851-128, Thu

==1851-05-09==
1851-W19-5, 1851-129, Fri

==1851-05-10==
1851-W19-6, 1851-130, Sat

==1851-05-11==
1851-W19-7, 1851-131, Sun

==1851-05-12==
1851-W20-1, 1851-132, Mon

==1851-05-13==
1851-W20-2, 1851-133, Tue

==1851-05-14==
1851-W20-3, 1851-134, Wed

==1851-05-15==
1851-W20-4, 1851-135, Thu

==1851-05-16==
1851-W20-5, 1851-136, Fri

==1851-05-17==
1851-W20-6, 1851-137, Sat

==1851-05-18==
1851-W20-7, 1851-138, Sun

==1851-05-19==
1851-W21-1, 1851-139, Mon

==1851-05-20==
1851-W21-2, 1851-140, Tue

==1851-05-21==
1851-W21-3, 1851-141, Wed

==1851-05-22==
1851-W21-4, 1851-142, Thu

==1851-05-23==
1851-W21-5, 1851-143, Fri

==1851-05-24==
1851-W21-6, 1851-144, Sat

==1851-05-25==
1851-W21-7, 1851-145, Sun

==1851-05-26==
1851-W22-1, 1851-146, Mon

==1851-05-27==
1851-W22-2, 1851-147, Tue

==1851-05-28==
1851-W22-3, 1851-148, Wed

==1851-05-29==
1851-W22-4, 1851-149, Thu

==1851-05-30==
1851-W22-5, 1851-150, Fri

==1851-05-31==
1851-W22-6, 1851-151, Sat

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]

1851-05

2023-04-15T22:50:06Z

Tsijuzarci: /* 1851-05-01 */

Journal for [[1851]]-05. Preceded by [[1851-04]]. Followed by [[1851-06]].

==Events==

==Tasks==

==1851-05-01==
1851-W18-4, 1851-121, Thu

* This was the first day of the [[Great Exhibition]] within [[The Crystal Palace]] at [[Hyde Park, London]] in [[England]]. The event would run until [[1851-10-15]].
*: In [[Neal Stephenson]]'s fictional narrative [[The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.]], the Great Exhibition was the first widespread display of photographic technology (specifically, a [[daguerreotype]] of the [[moon]]) which, in the story, was a pivotal event that caused a decline in [[magic]] until causal isolation via superconductors were invented near the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
[[File:Phase of the moon taken March 1851 LCCN2009632011.jpg|thumb|300px|''Phase of the moon taken March 1851'' ([[1851-03]]) by [[John Adams Whipple]]<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_of_the_moon_taken_March_1851_LCCN2009632011.jpg</ref>]]
*: After some research, [[I]] found evidence in [[real life]] that a daguerreotype of the moon displayed at the Crystal Palace in 1851 by [[John Adams Whipple]] and [[William Cranch Bond]] which won a medal for excellence. The two were lauded for starting “a new era in astronomical representation”; the work was “extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across Europe”.<ref name="aps_201301_firstmoonphoto">“[https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm January 2, 1839: First Daguerreotype of the Moon]”. ([[2013-01]]). ''APS News''. Volume 22, Number 1. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130201073757/http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201301/physicshistory.cfm Archived] from the original on [[2013-02-01]].</ref><ref name="loc_20210722_whipplebondmoonphoto">[[Messenheimer, Micah|Micah Messenheimer]]; [[Barbara Orbach Natanson|Natanson, Barbara Orbach]]. ([[2021-07-22]]). “[https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ “A step out of and beyond nature”: Picturing the Moon]”. ''Library of Congress Blogs''. Accessed [[2023-04-15]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722162804/https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2021/07/a-step-out-of-and-beyond-nature-picturing-the-moon/ Archived] from the original on [[2021-07-22]]. “Successful photographs of the [[moon]] using the daguerreotype process would not be made until over a dozen years later, when the celebrated Boston portrait photographer [[John Adams Whipple]] sought the assistance of [[Harvard]] astronomer [[William Cranch Bond]] and his son, [[George Phillips Bond]]. Using the college observatory’s [[Great Refractor telescope]], they captured the sphere in its waxing gibbous phase on [[1851-03-14|March 14, 1851]]. ... Whipple’s [[daguerreotypes]] won a medal for excellence at the [[1851]] [[Great Exhibition]] at the [[Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], which lauded their role in starting “a new era in astronomical representation.” The views were extremely popular and drew crowds as they toured across [[Europe]], despite scientific quibbles that the photographs were not as accurate as [[drawn]] and [[engraved]] renderings observed with the [[Optometry|human eye]].”.</ref>

==1851-05-02==
1851-W18-5, 1851-122, Fri

==1851-05-03==
1851-W18-6, 1851-123, Sat

==1851-05-04==
1851-W18-7, 1851-124, Sun

==1851-05-05==
1851-W19-1, 1851-125, Mon

==1851-05-06==
1851-W19-2, 1851-126, Tue

==1851-05-07==
1851-W19-3, 1851-127, Wed

==1851-05-08==
1851-W19-4, 1851-128, Thu

==1851-05-09==
1851-W19-5, 1851-129, Fri

==1851-05-10==
1851-W19-6, 1851-130, Sat

==1851-05-11==
1851-W19-7, 1851-131, Sun

==1851-05-12==
1851-W20-1, 1851-132, Mon

==1851-05-13==
1851-W20-2, 1851-133, Tue

==1851-05-14==
1851-W20-3, 1851-134, Wed

==1851-05-15==
1851-W20-4, 1851-135, Thu

==1851-05-16==
1851-W20-5, 1851-136, Fri

==1851-05-17==
1851-W20-6, 1851-137, Sat

==1851-05-18==
1851-W20-7, 1851-138, Sun

==1851-05-19==
1851-W21-1, 1851-139, Mon

==1851-05-20==
1851-W21-2, 1851-140, Tue

==1851-05-21==
1851-W21-3, 1851-141, Wed

==1851-05-22==
1851-W21-4, 1851-142, Thu

==1851-05-23==
1851-W21-5, 1851-143, Fri

==1851-05-24==
1851-W21-6, 1851-144, Sat

==1851-05-25==
1851-W21-7, 1851-145, Sun

==1851-05-26==
1851-W22-1, 1851-146, Mon

==1851-05-27==
1851-W22-2, 1851-147, Tue

==1851-05-28==
1851-W22-3, 1851-148, Wed

==1851-05-29==
1851-W22-4, 1851-149, Thu

==1851-05-30==
1851-W22-5, 1851-150, Fri

==1851-05-31==
1851-W22-6, 1851-151, Sat

==References==
<references>
</references>

==See Also==

==Ext. Links==

[[Category:Journals by month]]